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MODERN HISTORY SOURCEBOOK

CRIB SHEET

[Note: Crib Sheets are meant as review aids for a particular period/theme. They are not complete overviews!]

Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543)

• 1543 De Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium (On the Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs)
• University of Padua
  

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

• 1572-73 Crab Nebula
• 1577 new comet
  

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

• Three Laws of Planetary Motion
• One of the laws: An equal area of the plane is covered in equal time by planet revolving around the Sun. (or the period of revolution around the Sun is proportional to distance from the Sun.)
  

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

• 1600 Giordano Bruno burnt
• 1615 Letter to Grand Duchess of Tuscany
• 1632 Dialogue on Two World Systems
• 1633 Galileo banned by the Church
• 1638 Discourse on Two New Sciences
  

Francis Bacon (1561-1625)

• 1620 Novum Organum (New Tools)
• Theory of Induction c.f. Karl Popper, David Hume
  

Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

• 1637 Discourse on Method
• Theory of Deduction
  

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

• 1687 Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)
• 1672 Jean Picard and Mars
• Opticks - 1704
• Newton's Three Laws of Motion
  1. A body moves in a straight line unless impeded. (Inertia).
  2. Every action has equal and opposite reaction.
  3. Every body attracts every other body with a force proportional to the distance between.
     

Anatomy and Medicine

• Vesalius 1543
• William Harvey
  1628 On the Movement of the Heart and the Blood
• Malpighi and Capillaries 1661
  
  

© 1997, Paul Halsall, halsall@murray.fordham.edu