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Notes:
WEB Link to a World Wide Web site MEGA Link to a site which offers a guide to the net. RG Reading Guide to a text SUMMARY Summary (notes) sheet of period/issue
Paul Halsall, halsall@fordham.edu, Sourcebook CompilerResearch Help
Although I am more than happy to receive notes if you have comments on this web site, I cannot answer specific research enquiries [and - for students - I cannot, or rather will not, do your homework.] See the HELP! page for more suggestions on texts and research.
IMPORTANT: New Structure for the Modern History Sourcebook
As of January 20 1999, the Internet Modern History Sourcebook has been completely reorganized. Each of the main sections had became too large [nearly 300k] to maintain as one file. To see the new arrangement go to the Main Index. The four older index files - Early Modern (this page)| Three Revolutions | 19th Century | Modern World - will all remain available indefinitely, and the URLs of individual files will not alter. But no new texts (after 12/31/1998) will be added to these large index pages. For new texts, use the new structure, or check the New Additions page.
The new structure also includes a comprehensive Full Texts index, a HELP! page, and a Search page.
- Main
- Other Sources of Information on Modern History
- Introduction: Nature of Historiography
- Student Papers and Projects
- Student Papers
- Student Web Projects
- Early Modern Europe [this page]
- I: Reformation Europe
- II: The Ancien Regime
- The Early Modern World System
- Structures of Life
- Structures of Politics - Absolutism
- England, Holland, and America - Alternative Polities and Economies
- Scientific, Political, and Industrial Revolutions:
The Transformation of the West
- III: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
- The Scientific Revolution
- The French Enlightenment
- Government in the Age of Enlightenment
- Religion in an Age of Reason
- IV: American and French Revolutions
- American Independence
- Liberal and Radical Revolution in France
- Napoleon, Reaction and Romanticism
- V: The Industrial Revolution
- Events
- Effects
- Literary Response
- The Long 19th Century: The Hegemony of the West
- VI: The Century of Ideology and Power
- The Council of Vienna System and Challenges
- Nationalism
- Liberalism
- Conservatism
- 19th-Century Feminism
- 1848: Europe in Revolt
- Britain
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Other Western European Countries
- Eastern European Countries
- Power and Ideology in the US: North vs. South
- Canada: Another North American Society
- Latin America
- Australia and New Zealand
- Responses to Economic Growth: Socialism and Marxism
- Responses to Economic Growth: Imperialism
- The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism
- Contradictions of the Enlightenment: Darwin, Freud, Einstein and Modern Art
- Religion in the Face of Modernity
- War, Conflict and Progress: The Emerging World
- VII: The End of European Hegemony
- World War I
- The Russian Revolution
- An Age of Anxiety?
- The Depression
- Nazism and World War II
- The Holocaust
- VIII: World Since 1945
- A Bipolar World
- America as World Leader: External Power, Internal Change
- Europe, Yalta to Malta
- Decolonization
- Globalization
- Modern Latin America
- Social Movements
- Post-War Popular Culture
- Post-World War II Philosophy
- Post-World War II Religious Thought
- Science and Technology
New Additions Page
From July 1, 1998 additions to the Modern History Sourcebook will be recorded in this list of document accessions.
- WEB Reformation [At Memorial U]
- WEB Crawford Reformation Guide[At MSU]
Guide to resources and texts all over the net.- WEB Crawford Reformation Picture Gallery[At MSU]
- John Wyclif (c.1330-1384): On the Sacrament of Communion [Excerpt from Trialogus],
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: UTRAQUISM- John Wyclif (c.1330-1384): On the Sacrament of Communion [Excerpt from Trialogus], [At this Site]
- Jan Hus (1372/73-1415): Final Declaration, July 1, 1415 [At this Site]
- Desiderius Erasmus: The Praise of Folly (Moriae Encomium), 1509 [At this Site][Full text]
- Sir (St.) Thomas More (1478-1535): Utopia, 1516 [At this Site][Full text]
- WEB Project Wittenberg
Sources on Luther and the Lutheran tradition.- WEB Selected Works of Martin Luther, 1483 - 1546 [At ICLNet]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): 95 Theses, 1517 [At Medieval Sourcebook]
See also 95 Theses - in Latin [At Medieval Sourcebook]
Catholic Encyclopedia: Martin Luther [the Catholic Encyclopedia is usually reliable as to facts, but this is a rather biased presentation.]- Martin Luther (1483-1546): Letter to Archbishop of Mainz, 1517 [On Indulgences][At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Luther's Tower Experience, 1519 [At this Site]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation [At Hanover]
See also Introduction to this text. [At Medieval Sourcebook]- Martin Luther (1483-1546): To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, excerpts. [At Northpark]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): Address To The Nobility of the German Nation, 1520, full text [At this Site]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): Against Catholicism, 1535, [At this Site]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, 1535, abridged, but very long, [At this Site]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): The Smalcald Articles, 1537, [At CCNY]
On the pope.- Martin Luther (1483-1546): On the Freedom of a Christian, extracts [At WSU]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): On the Freedom of a Christian, full text [At this Site]
see also Martin Luther: Von der Freiheit eines Christenmenschen, In German [At Medieval Sourcebook]- Martin Luther (1483-1546): The German Mass and Order of Divine Service [At Hanover]
- Martin Luther (1483-1546): Luther Before 1517: Letters to Spalatin [At this Site]
These letters are interesting in showing Luther's atitude towards Rome and towards theology. They also reveal that Luther's hatred of Jews, best seen in his 1543 letter, was not some affectation of old age, but was present very early on.- Martin Luther (1483-1546): The Jews and Their Lies 1543 [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Pope Leo X : Exsurge Domine, June 15 1520 [At Apana.org]
The papal Bull which condemned Martin Luther.
- WEB Calvin Full Texts [index at Hanover]
- John Calvin (1509-1564): Institutes of the Christian Religion, excerpts, [At Northpark]
- John Calvin (1509-1564): On Predestination, [At this Site]
- John Calvin (1509-1564): The Necessity of Reforming the Church, 1543 [At SWRB]
- John Calvin (1509-1564): The Order of Excommunication and of Public Repentance 1569 [At SWRB]
- John Calvin (1509-1564): Letter to the King [On the Clergy][At Medieval Sourcebook]
- The Heidelberg Catechism,1542 [At CCEL]
The standard Calvinist confession of faith.- Ordinances For The Regulation of the Churches Dependent Upon the Seigniory of Geneva, 1547 [At Hanover]
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Calvin, John and Richard Hooker: Introduction to Calvin- Nicholas de la Fontaine: The Complaint Against Michael Servetus, 14 August, 1553 [At Hanover]
Servetus was a unitarian who attracted the disapproval of Calvin. Calvin had him attacked, handed over to the Inquisition in Lyons, where he was burnt.- The Belgic Confession, 1561 (1619 version) [At this Site]
- The Canons of the Synod of Dordt, 1618-1619 [At this Site]
- Calvinist Ideas of Legimate Resistence to the State.
- texts
- The Schleitheim Confession, adopted by a Swiss Brethren Conference, February 24, 1527 [At Anabaptists.org]
- Tal Howard: Charisma and History: The Case of Münster, Westphalia, 1534-1535, Essays in History 35 [At Virgina]
English and Scottish Reformation
- WEB Oremus: An Anglican Liturgical Library
- Archbishop Thomas Cramner (1489-1556): Letter on Henry VIII's Divorce, 1533 [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) : Act of Supremacy, 1534. [At Northpark]
- Anne Boleyn (1507?-1536): To Henry VIII, from the Tower of London, 1536 [At Letters Magazine]
- The Suppression of Glastonbury Abbey, 1539 [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- William Roper: The Life of Sir Thomas More [At this Site]
More was canonized in 1935.- The Book of Common Prayer, 1662 [At BCP]
With some texts from the first Book of Common Prayer of 1549 and the second Book of 1552.- Touching for the King's Evil (Scrofula) [At BCP]
- Queen Elizabeth I: Proclamation to Forbid Preaching, 1558 [At Hanover]
- The Act of Uniformity, 1559, [At BCP]
- The 1559 Injunctions [At Hanover]
- The Thirty Nine Articles, 1571, 1662 [At this Site]
Strongly Calvinist Anglicanism- Richard Hooker: A Learned Discourse of Justification, Works, and how the Foundationof Faith is Overthrown [At CCEL]
- Richard Hooker (1554?-1600): A Sermon [At bibleclass.com][Full Text]
- Puritan Voices [At Hanover]
Nehemiah Wallington, Diary; Josias Nichols, A Plea for the Innocent; Anonymous, Letter from Hell; Anonymous, Aminadab Blower- James I & VI (b.1566, r. 1566 {Scotland), r. {England} 1603 - 1625): from Anglicanism, 1616 [At this Site]
Represents a much closer approach to "middle way Anglicanism".- Archbishop William Laud (1573-1645): Visitation Articles, 1635 [At this Site]
- Puritan Voices [At Hanover]
- Thomas Browne (1605-1682): Religio Medici, 1643 [At this Site]
- John Foxe (1516-1587): Book of Martyrs [At CCEL][Full text]
- John Knox (c.1514-1572)
- John Knox: The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: Knox's Call to the Ministry and First Public Debate, 1547 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Faithful Admonition to the Professors of God's Truth, 1554 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Vindication of the Doctrine that the Sacrifice of the Mass is Idolatry, 1550 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: The Appellation from the Sentence Pronounced by the Bishop and Clergy, 1558 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Summary- According to the Holy Scriptures - of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1550 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Treatise on Prayer- or- a Confession- and Declaration of Prayers Added Thereto, 1553 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Brief Exhortation to England- for the Speedy Embracing of the Gospel Heretofore by the Tyranny of Mary Suppressed and Banished, 1559 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: An Epistle to the Inhabitants of Newcastle and Berwick, 1558 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Godly Letter of Warning or Admonition to the Faithful in London, Newcastle, and Berwick, 1553 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: Letters to His Brethren- and the Lords Professing the Truth in Scotland, 1557 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: Letter to the Queen Dowager- Regent of Scotland (Augmented Version), 1558 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Letter of Wholesome Counsel- Addressed to His Brethren in Scotland, 1556 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: A Notable and Comfortable Exposition upon Matthew IV, Concerning the Temptation of Christ in the Wilderness, 1556 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: An Exposition Upon the Sixth Psalm of David, 1553 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: Two Comfortable Epistles to His Afflicted Brethren in England, 1554 [At SWRB]
- John Knox: Answers to Some Questions Concerning Baptism- etc., 1556 [At SWRB]
- The Scottish Confession of Faith, 1560 [At Presbyterian Heritage]
- Westminster Confession of Faith, 1646 [At Presbyterian reformed Site]
- The Psalms of David in Meter [At SWRB]
The basis of Scottish Presbyterian church worship.- Scottish General Assembly: Letter to the Kirks in the Netherlands, Edinburgh, June 4, 1644 [At SWRB]
- Precursors
- Thomas à Kempis (c. 1380 - 1471): The Imitation of Christ [modern translation][At Wheaton College]
- Erasmus (ca. 1469-1536): In Praise of Folly,, trans. John Wilson, 1688 [Full text][At University of the South][More Erasmus texts are at the Erasmus Text Project
- The Council of Trent
- Council of Trent, 1545-63 [at Hanover College][Full Text]
- Pope Pius IV: The Tridentine Creed, 1564 [At New Advent site][From Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers Series]
- The Society of Jesus
- St. Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556): The Spiritual Exercises [excerpts][At Medieval Sourcebook]
The full text is available [At CCEL].
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: Ignatius Loyola, Saint and Catholic Encyclopedia: THE SOCIETY OF JESUS (JESUITS)- 2ND Norman O'Neal, S.J.: A Sketch of the Life of St. Ignatius Loyola [At LUC]
- Other Catholic Reformers
- St. Francis de Sales (1567-1622): Introduction to the Devout Life [At CCEL]
St. Francis held the title of bishop of Geneva.- St. John of the Cross (1542-1591)[Information, At CCEL]
See also
- St. John of the Cross: Spiritual Canticle of the Soul [At CCEL]
- St. John of the Cross: Dark Night of the Soul [At CCEL]
- St. John of the Cross: Ascent of Mount Carmel [At CCEL]
- St. John of the Cross: Collected Works [At OCD.OR.AT]
- St. John of the Cross: Poems In English and Spanish [At Norconnect]
- St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582)[Information, At CCEL]
See also Catholic Encyclopedia: ST. TERESA OF JESUS (TERESA OF AVILA)
- St. Teresa of Avila: THE LIFE [At CCEL]
- St. Teresa of Avila: Way of Perfection [At CCEL]
- St. Teresa of Avila: The Interior Castle [At CCEL]
- St. Philip Neri
- Sister Marianne: Love Letters to Noel Bouton de Chamilly [At Letters Magazine]
A very different Counter-Reformation experience is seen in these letters by a 17th-century Portuguese nun "who wrote these letters to her lover, Noel Bouton de Chamilly, a French officer whom she met in about the year 1663".
- WEB The French Wars of Religion 1562-1598 [At STD]
- Map: The Religious Division of Europe, [At this Site]
- De Thou (1553-1617): St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre 1572 [At Hanover]
An eyewitness account- De Thou (1553-1617): St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre 1572 [At thi Site]
- Elizabeth I: Against the Spanish Armada, 1588 [At this Site]
- The English Mercurie: Sir Francis Drake and the Spanish Armada, July 23rd, 1588 [At DavidCo]
Facsimile of original newspaper report.- Otto Von Guericke, the Burgomeister of Magdeburg: The Destruction of Magdeburg, excerpts [At Hanover]
One of the effects of the Thirty Years War- Treaty of Westphalia, October 24, 1648 [At Yale] or here [at Tufts]
- Reformers on Marriage.
- Witchcraft Documents [At Medieval Sourcebook] inc. the Papal Bull of 1484, Johannes Nider on witches, and extracts from the Malleus malificaram
Back to Index
- The European "Age of Discovery"
- WEB See Discovers' Web [At Tue.nl]
Includes a List of Online Primary Sources- WEB See Columbus and the Age of Discovery
A splendid, and searchable, collection of over 1100 text articles on Columbus and the encounter of two worlds- WEB See Columbus Navigation Homepage
With maps of the various voyages.- The Discovery of North America by Leif Ericsson, c. 1000 from The Saga of Eric the Red, (1387) [At this Site]
- Christopher Columbus (1451-1506): Selections from Journal, 1492 [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Christopher Columbus (1451-1506): Letter to Lord Raphael Sanchez, 14 March 1493 [At Clinch Valley College]
- Christopher Columbus (1451-1506): Letter to King and Queen of Spain, prob. 1494 [At Medieval Sourcebook] or here [At AmericanRev]
- Vasco da Gama (1460-1524): Round Africa to India, 1497-1498 CE [At this Site]
- Amerigo Vespucci (1452-1512): Account of His First Voyage, 1497 [At this Site]
- Fra Soncino: Letter to Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, Regarding John Cabot's First Voyage, 1497 CE [At this Site]
- John Cabot (c.1450-1499): Voyage to North America, 1497 [At this Site]
- Hans Mayr: The Voyage and Acts of Dom Francisco, 1505- [At this Site]
Activities in Africa- Ferdinand Magellan's Voyage Round the World, 1519-1522 CE [At this Site]
- Francis Pretty: Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round The World, 1580 [At this Site]
- Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618): The Discovery of Guiana, 1595 [At this Site]
- Sidi Ali Reis (16th Century CE): Mirat ul Memalik (The Mirror of Countries), 1557 CE [At this Site]
Europeans were not the only ones to look at other cultures. This is a Turkish Admiral's account of his travels in the world of India and the Middle East.- The Conquest and Exploitation of the Americas
- WEB CULTURAL READINGS: Colonization & Print in the Americas [At UPenn]
- Inca Creation Myth, written c 1556 [At CCNY]
- The Popul-Vuh [At Stanford]
The Mayan Creation myth.- WEB Spanish Conquest of Native America [At floridahistory]
- Aztec Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico, 1519 [At this Site]
- 2ND William Hickling Prescott: The History of the Conquest of Mexico, 1843 [At BBS Laguna]
- Hernan Cortés: Second Letter to Charles V, 1520 [At this Site]
A description of his conquest and its riches.- Moctezuma's Greeting to Hernan Cortes [At CCNY]
- Pedro de Cieza de Léon: Chronicles of the Incas, 1540 [At this Site]
- Bartolemeo De La Casas: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies, 1542, excerpts [At Clinch Valley College]
- Phillip II of Spain (1527-1598): Two Letters on the Gold of the Indies, 1559 [At Northpark]
- Francisco Lopez de Mendoza Grajales: The Founding of St. Augustine, 1565 [At this Site]
- Edward Haies: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's Voyage To Newfoundland, 1583 [At this Site]
- Elizabeth I: Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh, 1584 [At Yale]
- Charter of the Dutch West India Company, 1621 [At Yale]
- Thomas Hariot: A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of VIRGINIA, full text, [At Virginia]
- The Creation of Latin American Cultures
- Biographic Sources On Spaniards In The New World, 16th-17th Centuries [At this Site]
- The New Laws of the Indies, 1542 [At this Site]
Spain's pro-Indian laws.- Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America, 1542, translated and annotated by Cyclone Covey (1963, copyright not renewed), full text [At Eldritch]
"The semi-official report to the king of Spain by the ranking surviving officer of a royal expedition to conquer Florida which fantastically miscarried."- Lope de Aguirre: Letter from to King Philip of Spain, 1561 [At this Site]
- Hubert Howe Bancroft: Burial of an Archbishop-Viceroy in Mexico City, 1612 [At this Site]
- Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695): Poems [At Sappho]
- Antonio Valeriano: Nican Mopohua, (or Huei Tlamahuitzoltica) [At Guadaloupe page].
The story of Our Lady of Guadaloupe, who is said to have appeared in 1531. Written in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, around the middle of the sixteenth century. This copy published in Nahuatl by Luis Lasso de la Vega in 1649.- Henry C Lea (1829-1909): The Inquisition in 17th-Century Peru: Cases of Portuguese Judaizers [At this Site]
- Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa: Colonial Lima, from A Voyage to South America, 1748 [At MS State]
- African Cultures
- WEB African History Sourcebook
- Leo Africanus Description of Timbuktu [At WSU]
- Ibn Battuta: Malian Women, [At CCNY]
- Glimpses of the Kingdom of Ghana, 1067 [At CCNY]
- Al Bakri: Description of Ghana [At CCNY]
- Hans Mayr: The Voyage and Acts of Dom Francisco, 1505- [At this Site]
Activities in Africa- Richard Eden: Decades of the New World, 1555 [At WSU]
European traders at the royal court of Benin.- Chart: Atlantic Slave Trade: Carriers and Destinations of Enslaved People [At this Site]
- John Wesley (1703-91): Thoughts Upon Slavery, 1774 [At UMC]
Wesley was opposed to slavery, but this is interesting as it includes explict descriptions of the way in which people were enslaved and treated. A great example of the moral force of Evangelical Christianity.- South and South-East Asia
- WEB Indian History Sourcebook
- England, India, and The East Indies, 1617 [At Indian History Sourcebook]
Various sources, including a letter from Great Moghul Jahangir to James I, King of England.- The East India Trade [At Copenhagen]
- Charles D'Avenant: An Essay on the East-India Trade, 1697 [At Yale]
- East Asia
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter from India, to the Society of Jesus at Rome, 1543 [At this Site]
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter on the Missions, to St. Ignatius de Loyola, 1549 [At this Site]
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter from Japan, to the Society of Jesus at Goa, 1551 [At this Site]
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter from Japan, to the Society of Jesus in Europe, 1552 [At this Site]
- Documents on the Chinese Rites Controversy, 1692, 1715, 1721, excerpts [At this Site]
How the Catholic Church "lost" China.- Will Adams: My Coming to Japan, 1611 [At this Site]
- Hsu Kuang-chi: Memorial to Fra Matteo Ricci, 1617 [At this Site]
- Mendez Pinto: The Woman with the Cross, c. 1630 [At this Site]
A Chinese Christian woman.- Père du Halde: Teaching Science to the Manchu Emperor, c. 1680 [At this Site]
- Père du Halde: The Manchu Emperor and Chinese Music, c. 1680 [At this Site]
- Père du Halde: Chinese Punishments, c. 1680 [At this Site]
- Père Gerbillon: A Visit to a Lama, c. 1690 [At this Site]
- WEB Chinese Province of the Society of Jesus
- The Middle East: Ottomans and Safavids - Rivals of European Powers
- See Islamic History Sourcebook
- Old Serbian Tales: Marko and the Turks, c. 1450 [At this Site]
- James M. Ludlow: The Tribute of Children, 1493 [At this Site]
- A Visit to the Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent (Translated from a Genoese Letter), c. 1550 [At this Site]
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762): Dining With The Sultana, 1718 [At this Site]
- Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq: The Turkish Letters, excerpts, 1555-1562 [At this Site]
- Eastern Europe Becomes a Peripheral Area
- Gutherrschaft/Grundherrschaft
- The Second Serfdom
- Henry Blount: A Voyage Into The Levant, 1634 [At this Site]
In this case the "Levant" means Hungary.- Paul, Archdeacon of Aleppo: Wallachia in 1657 from The Travels of Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch [At this Site]
- The Secret History of the Reign of Jan Sobieski, 1683 AD. [At this Site]
Sobieski's victory over the Ottoman Turks in 1683.- Reflections on the Trade and the New Economy
- Thomas Mun (1571-1641): England's Treasure by Foreign Trade, pub 1664, extracts, [At Northpark] and extracts [At Hanover]
- Josiah Child: Brief Observations Concerning Trade and Interest of Money, 1668 [At Yale]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Further Considerations Concerning Raising the Value of Money [At Yale]
- Governor Glen: The Role of the Indians in the Rivalry Between France, Spain, and England, 1761 [At The American Revolution Site]
- Adam Smith: From The Wealth of Nations, 1776: Of Colonies, and The Cost of Empire [At The American Revolution Site]
- Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731): Robinson Crusoe [At CMU][Full text] or Alternative site [At HK]
The classic colonialist novel.- Summary of Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory [At this Site][Modern summary]
- Everyday Life
- Survey of Brydithfield in the Manor of Brandon, Suffolk [in Latin][At Kansas]
Transcription of a portion of Kenneth Spencer Research Library MS E112, a sixteenth-century survey of the ten fields in the manor.- WEB Parish of Rowner in 1642 - Texts and sources for a Southern English parish in 1642.
- WEB Tyburn Tree - A site with texts and photos about execution in Early Modern England.
- William Marshall: Draft of a Poor Law, 1536 [At WSU]
- A General Study of the Plague in England 1539-1640 With a Specific Reference to Loughborough [At LCIP]
- The London Gazzette - The Great Fire of London, Sept 3 to Sept 10, 1666 [At DavidCo]
Facsimile of original newspaper report.- Social Conditions in 17th Century France, c. 1650 [At this Site]
- Martin Guerre
- From Popular Culture to Mass Culture
- François Rabelais (1494-1593): Letter from Gargantua to his son Pantagruel [At WSU]
- Miguel de Cervantes: Don Quixote,1605 [At WSU]
- Miguel Cervantes: Don Quixote, trans. John Ormsby, full text [At CMU]
Structures of Politics - Absolutism
- Spain
- Phillip II of Spain (1527-1598): Letters, 1592-1597 [At BYU]
- England
- James I & VI (b.1566, r. 1566 {Scotland), r. {England} 1603 - 1625): A Trew Law of Free Monarchies, excerpts, [At Northpark]
Also includes and address to parliament in 1610.- James I & VI (b.1566, r. 1566 {Scotland), r. {England} 1603 - 1625): True Law of Free Monarchies, 1598 [At this Site]
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Leviathan, 1651, extracts [At this Site]
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Leviathan, 1651, extracts [At Northpark]
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Leviathan, 1651 [At Virginia Tech][Full Text]
- France
- The Crisis: The French Wars of Religion
- WEB The French Wars of Religion 1562-1598 [At STD]
- Map: The Religious Division of Europe, [At this Site]
- De Thou (1553-1617): St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre 1572 [At Hanover]
An eyewitness account- De Thou (1553-1617): St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre 1572 [At this Site]
- The Creation of Absolutist France
- WEB The Rise and Fall of the Absolute Monarchy: Grand Siècle and Enlightenment [At Library of Congress]
- The
- Cardinal Richelieu: Political Testament, 1624 [At Hanover][Excerpts]
- Edict of 1626 Ordering Demolition of French Feudal Castles [At Hanover][Excerpts]
- Establishment of French Academy, 1635 [At Hanover][Excerpts]
- The Sun King
- Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Political Treatise on Kingship [At Clinch Valley College][Excerpts]
- Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Political Treatise on Kingship [At Hanover][Excerpts]
RG Reading Guide- Jean Domat (1625-1696): On Social Order and Absolute Monarchy, 1697 [At this Site]
RG Reading Guide- Louis XIV: Letter to the Town Officers and People of Marseilles, August 26, 1664 [At Hanover]
On economic modernization.- Louis XIV: Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, October 22, 1685 [At this Site]
- Duc de Saint-Simon: The Court of Louis XIV, from Memoires [At this Site]
- Comte de Saint Simon: Memoires of of Louis XIV [At Clinch Valley College][Excerpts]
- The Duchess of Orleans: Versailles Etiquette, 1704 [At this Site]
- Louis XIV: Accounts, [At Hanover][Excerpts]
- L'hercule triomphant ou les heureux succès de sa Majesté en son voyage de Normandie, 1650, in French [At Bib. Lisieux].
- Le Manifeste de la Noblesse de Normandie par lequel elle déclare reconnaître son Altesse Royale pour Lieutenant Général pour le Roy et se joint aux Princes et aux Parlements pour mettre en exécution les déclarations et arrêt donnés contre le Cardinal Mazarin,1652, in French [At Bib. Lisieux]
- Effects of Absolutism on Trade and Empire
- Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683): Memoirs - On French Finances [At Hanover][Excerpts]
- Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683): Memorandum on Trade, 1664 [At this Site]
- French Culture of the 16th and 17th Centuries
- Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592): On Cannibals, 1580 [At WSU] or here [At CCNY]
- Blaise Pascal (1623-1662): Penseés (Thoughts), 1660 [At this Site]
- Letters Patent Establishing the French Academy, 1635, excerpts [At Hanover]
England, Holland, and America - Alternative Polities and Economies
- The English Revolution
- Tudor Governmnt
- Benefit of Clergy denied to Murderers, 1512 [At Hanover]
- Queen Elizabeth I of England (b.1533, r. 1558-1603): Selected Writing and Speeches [At this Site]
- Elizabeth I (b.1533, r. 1558-1603): Against the Spanish Armada, 1588 [At this Site]
- The English Mercurie: Sir Francis Drake and the Spanish Armada, July 23rd, 1588 [At DavidCo]
Facsimile of original newspaper report.- Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618): The Dutie of a King in His Royal Office, 1599 [At UCI]
- William Harrison (1534-1593): Description of Elizabethan England, 1577
(from Holinshed's Chronicles) [At this Site]- The Stuart Challenge
- James I & VI (b.1566, r. 1566 {Scotland), r. {England} 1603 - 1625): A Trew Law of Free Monarchies, excerpts, [At Northpark]
Also includes and address to parliament in 1610.- James I & VI (b.1566, r. 1566 {Scotland), r. {England} 1603 - 1625): True Law of Free Monarchies, 1598 [At this Site]
- Touching for the King's Evil (Scrofula) [At BCP]
The service based in the idea that the king could cure by touch.- The Gunpowder-Plot, 1605 [At Armistead]
The trial of Guy Fawkes and others - full transcription of the trial of the conspirators in the Gunpowder-Plot.- Charles I : Declaration of Sports [At Hanover]
- Petition of Right, 1628 [At American Revolution]
- The King and Queenes Entertainement at Richmond. September 12, 1636. (Charles II.) [At Oregon]
- Civil War and Revolution
- Oliver Cromwell: Letter to his Brother-in-Law after the Battle of Marston Moor, 1644 [At this Site]
- 2ND Thomas Macauley: On Oliver Cromwell [At this Site]
- The Intelligencer: The Execution of Charles I, Jan 29 to Feb 5, 1648 [At Davidco]
Legible facsimile of newspaper report of the execution of Charles I.- The Execution of Charles I: History and Perspectives [At Baylor]
- Commonwealth Instrument of Government, 1653 [At this Site]
- Radicals
- WEB The World Turned Upside Down
A Major site on the radicals during the English Revolution, with many online texts..- WEB The Levellers Page
- WEB Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers
- WEB Writings of Gerrard Winstanley
- An Agreement of the People for A firme and present Peace, upon grounds of common-right and freedome, 1647 [At The World Turned Upside Down]
- Sir William Clarke: The Putney Debates, 1647 [At Northpark]
A debate concerning the "Agreement of the People," a kind of social contract for the revolutionary English government, written by John Wildman (1623-1693).- The Bloody Project Or a discovery of the New Designe, in the present War., 1648 [At The World Turned Upside Down]
An early antiwar tract, written during the second round of the English Civil War.- Statement of the Levellers, 1649 [At WSU]
- Gerrard Winstanley: The True Levellers Standard Advanced [At Campbell]
- Radical Women During the English Revolution, excerpts [At this Site]
- Religious Groups
- Baptists
- Baptist Confessions of Faith, 1644, 1655 [At this Site]
- 2ND Catholic Encyclopedia: Baptists [A straightforward non-biased article.]
- Quakers
- WEB Quaker Writings Homepage
- WEB Quaker Historical Texts
- 2ND Catholic Encyclopedia: Society of Friends (Quakers) [Factually reliable, but with some biased attitudes.]
- George Fox (1624-98): Autobiography, [At Wheaton][Full Text]
- George Fox (1624-98): Concerning Revelation, Prophecy, Spirit, Measure and the Rule; and the Sufficiency of the Spirit [At Quaker Writings]
- George Fox and Other Quakers (attrib): Letter to the Governor of Barbadoes,1671 [At cpcug]
- Edward Burrough: The Epistle To The Reader, London the 9. Mo. 1658 an introduction to The Great Mystery of the Great Whore of Babylon Unfolded by George Fox. [At The World Turned Upside Down]
A brief history of the early Quaker movement, in an epistle written in 1658 as an introduction to a book written by George Fox defending the Quaker faith.- William Penn: A Key, 1692 [At Delphi]
- William Penn: A Letter to the King of Poland On behalf of the Friends of Dantzic, 1677 [At Delphi]
- Isaac Pennington (1616-1679): The Light Within [At Quaker Writings]
- Margaret Fell (1614-1702): Women's Speaking Justified, 1666 or 1667 [At Quaker Historical Texts]
- John Woolman (1720-1772): Journal, full text, [At this Site]
Journal of an 18th century English Quaker and his travels among Friends in America.- Richmond Conference (Quakers): Declaration of Faith , 1887 [At cpcug]
but see another opinion- Restoration
- Habeas Corpus Act, 1679 [At this Site]
- The Glorious Revolution
- WEB The Glorious Revolution of 1689 [At UGA]
- WEB London Gazette, 1675-1792, texts [At Rochester]
- John Eveleyn: Diary, 1666-1689, excerpts [At this Site]
- Declaration of Right, February 1689 [At Hanover]
- English Bill of Rights, 1689, excerpts [At this Site]
- English Bill of Rights, 1689 [At Yale]
- William III of England: Address to Parliament on the French Question, 31 December 1701 [At LSU]
A very clear presentation of English Protestant identity.- Philosophical Reflections on English Politics
- John Milton (1608-1674): Areopagitica,1643 [At this Site]
A defence of freedom of the press.- John Locke (1632-1704): Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1692 [At this Site]
- John Locke (1632-1704): A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 [At Virginia Tech][Full Text]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689 [At CMU][Full Text]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689, excerpts [At Northpark]
- John Locke (1632-1704): A Letter Concerning Toleration, 1689, excerpts [At American Revolution]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Two Treatises of Government, 1690, selections, [At this Site]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Concerning Civil Government, Second Essay [At Virginia Tech][Full Text]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Second Treatise on Government [At Hanover][Full Text]
RG Reading Guide- John Locke (1632-1704): An Essay Concerning the true original, extent, and end of Civil Government, 1689, excerpts [At American Revolution]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Second Treatise on Government, 1689, excerpts [At Northpark]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Of Political or Civil Society, from Second Treatise, Chapter 7 [At Liberty Online]
- John Locke (1632-1704): Of the Beginning of Political Societies, from Second Treatise, Chapter 8 [At Liberty Online]
- Voltaire (1694-1778): On English Government, from Philosophical Dictionary, 1764 [At Civnet]
- English Culture in the 17th and 18th Centuries
- WEB Literature of the English Renaissance and Early Seventeenth Century [At ACCD]
Listing of the major British authors, with dates of their works, and links to the works when online.- Fanny Hill [At CMU][Full Text]
- Samuel Pepys: The Concise Pepys Diary, in chapter files, [At Bibliomania]
- 2ND Robert Louis Stevenson: Samuel Pepys, (written 1886) [At this Site]
- The First English Coffee-Houses, c. 1670-1675 [At this Site]
- Daniel Defoe (c. 1659-1731): The Complete English Tradesman, 1724 [At Northpark]
- The Netherlands
- The Dutch Declaration of Independence, 1581 [At this Site]
The first declaration of independence of modern times.- William Temple: Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands, excerpts [At this Site]
- Mercantile Capitalism
- WEB Trade Products in Early Modern History [At UMN]
- Charter of the Dutch West India Company, 1621 [At Yale]
- Tulip History [At bulb.com]
- Tulipomania [Modern Report][At History Place]
- 2ND Natlie Jacob: Tulipmania 1634-1637 [Modern Report][At Worldpaper]
- Mississippi Bubble: France 1716-1720
- South Sea Bubble: Britain 1717-1720
- 2ND The South Sea Bubble [Modern Report][At History Place]
- 2ND Lee E. Ohanian: When the Bubble Bursts: Pyschology or Fundamentals?, Business Review, January-February 1996 [Modern Account][At frg.org]
- 2ND Gerhard Aschinger: The nature of financial crises [Modern Account][At Swiss Bank]
- Internationalist Ideas
- Hugo Grotius (or Huig de Groot) (1583-1645): The Free Sea, 1609
- Hugo Grotius (or Huig de Groot) (1583-1645): On the Law of War and Peace (De Jure Belliac Pacis), 1625
- 2ND David J. Bederman: Reception of the Classical Tradition in International Law: Grotius' De Jure Belli ac Pacis, 1996 [At Emory]
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© Paul Halsall January 1997 - January 1999
halsall@fordham.edu