Fordham Rose Hill/ HSRU 1000 /Spring 1998
The West: Enlightenment to Present
Class Hours: Keating214 Tue, 2:30-3:45pm, Fri, 1-2:15pm
| Modern History Sourcebook | Term Paper | Stylesheet | Halsall Homepage |
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Paul Halsall Fordham Rose Hill/ HSRU 1000 /Spring 1998 The West: Enlightenment to Present Class Hours: Keating214 Tue, 2:30-3:45pm, Fri, 1-2:15pm |
CONTENTS
Course description Textbook and Readings Class Requirements Class Handouts, Projects and Guides COURSE OUTLINE - with links to online lecture notes and primary sources Class Schedule - in Table Form
This course is an introduction to the events, ideas, and developments that have created
modernity since the 17th century. In world historical terms this has been the
period of the achievement and collapse of European political and cultural hegemony.
Although we shall look at other areas, our concentration will be on the changes that took
place in the European World in the 18th and 19th centuries, the rise of European powers to
world domination, the crises of politics and culture in the late 19th and early 20th
century, and the emergence of a bipolar world after 1945. Political and economic elites in
America and Russia, the successor powers to European empires, have long been involved
with, and contributed to, European developments. Accordingly we shall not ignore how
developments in those countries have contributed to the modern world.
The textbook (in a new edition for this semester - do not buy older editions!) for the course is:
Donald Kagan, et al., The Western Heritage, Volume II: Since 1648, 6th Edition, (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998)
It must be emphasized that your main reading is to consist of the primary source texts indicated in the course outline.
Sources and Other Readings on the World Wide Web
Students are required to do a varying amount of assigned reading outside class. By the end of the course you should be able to evaluate for yourself the varied interpretations given to the past. To this end a significant proportion of class time will be given to discussion of the readings. Disagreement with the instructor is strongly encouraged.
All the primary source readings for each class are on the World Wide Web. If you are reading the online version of this syllabus all you need do is to select [often by "clicking"] the texts in question, which are listed under each class. You can then read on screen, or print out the document. [For the computer-phobic copies may be made available in the library reserve room.] This option puts you, as Fordham students, on the cutting edge of technology.
The Internet is now a valuable research tool for students. Accordingly I shall also make this syllabus, course outline, and other class handouts available on the Web.
You must acquire a CIMS account for this semester. You can access this account from any VAX terminal at Fordham, from the new net terminals, from terminals in the library, and from home if you have a modem.
The World Wide Web browser available at Fordham on the older VAX terminals is called LYNX. To invoke the "pages" for this course simple sign on and type
lynx http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/HS1000.html
LYNX will only let you see the texts in a plain text mode. If you access the page from home, and have a web browser such as Netscape or the one that comes with AOL, you will find a much more attractive graphical presentation.
Those with graphical browsers should just use the URL [web address]
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/HS1000.html
Students are strongly recommended to provide themselves with the following
reference works:-
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Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary, (Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1993) |
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Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago P., 199?) |
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A good atlas. There is an
immense variety available. Recent political changes have made older editions available
cheaply. |
All class requirements must be met in order to earn a final grade.
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Term paper/Annotated bibliography- 40% of total grade - topic due Feb 6 , Annotated Bibliography due Mar 6, Outline and Thesis due Mar 20 , Paper due Apr 3 . |
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Participation in class discussion, quizzes - 20% of total grade [every class!] |
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Midterm - 15% of total grade - Feb 24 |
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Final exam - 25% of total grade
[TBA] |
The Term Paper (6-8 pages) will be a serious attempt (i.e. an essay) to deal
with a historical problem chosen by each student. I will offer suggestions. On Oct 28 you
must hand in brief statement of your topic. By Nov. 11 you must hand in a developed thesis
statement, outline, and an annotated bibliography of at six-eight items. The paper must be
handed in on time, Dec 2. It must conform to a standard term paper style, preferably
Turabian since this is a history class, but I will accept MLA style. Papers with D and F
grades may be resubmitted if submitted on time.
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ATTENDANCE: Class participation is an essential component of the course. Any significant pattern of absences will be considered in determining final grades. Five or more absences will make it very difficult to obtain a passing grade. |
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EXAMS: Make up exams will only be given for certified medical reasons. |
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HONOR: Cheating will result in an
F for any paper or exam in which it is detected. |
Students are encouraged meet the instructor to discuss papers
and/or issues raised in class.
Class Handouts, Projects and Guides
Map Exercise
[This is a Microsoft Word document, it will not display on some browsers]Term Paper Stylesheet How to Write a Paper How Papers Are Graded How to use the World Wide Web
lecture 1: Introduction
Why Study History Through Primary Sources
lecture 2: Roots of Western Civilization
Section I: The Ancien Regime
Structures of Politics - Absolutism
lecture 3: Everyday Life during the Ancien Regime
Kagan, 545-61, 570-75 lecture 4: The Rise of Absolutism
Kagan, 449-51, 463-76, [513-36] Cardinal Richelieu: Political Testament, 1624, [At Hanover] Bishop Jacques Bossuet: Political Treatise on Kingship, [At Hanover]
Reading Guide
Duc de Saint-Simon: The Court of Louis XIV, from Memoires The Duchess of Orleans: Versailles Etiquette, 1704 Jean Baptiste Colbert: Memoirs - On French Finances, [At Hanover] Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Leviathan, 1651, extracts
England, Holland, and America - Alternative Polities and Economies
lecture 5: Another Way: England, Holland and America
Kagan, 451-63, 504-09 Petition of Right, 1628, [At The American Revolution Site] Statement of the Levellers, 1649, [At WSU] Radical Women During the English Revolution John Eveleyn: Diary, 1666-1689 Declaration of Right, February 1689, [At Hanover] English Bill of Rights, 1689 John Locke (1632-1704): Second Treatise on Government, [At Hanover]
William Temple: Observations upon the United Provinces of the Netherlands
The Early Modern World System
Immanuel Wallerstein's World System Theory [Modern summary]
Back to Index
II: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution
lecture 6: Origins of the Scientific Revolution
lecture 7: The Scientific Revolution in the Seventeenth Century
Kagan, 481-93, 498-504 Nicholas Copernicus: Dedication of The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543, [At Clinch Valley College] Johannes Kepler: Laws of Planetary Motion, [At Hawaii]
A web page illustrating the laws in diagramsGalileo Galilei (1564-1642): Letter to the Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615
Francis Bacon: Preface to the Novum Organum, [At Hanover] Réne Descartes: Discourse on Method, 1637, extracts, [At WSU] Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727): Mathematical Principles of Natural Philopsophy
On the rules of reasoning in philosophy.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): Experiments with Balloons, 1783 Thomas S. Kuhn: Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962, [At BGSU]
Summary of theories of an important modern theorist of the idea of scientific revolution.
The Enlightenment
lecture 8: The Rebirth of Philosophy
lecture 9: The French Enlightenment
Crib Sheet: Rebirth of Philosophy: Empiricism and Rationalism
Kagan, 609-29 Adam Smith (1723-90): Wealth of Nations, 1776, chapter 1, [At WSU]
On the division of labor.Jean La Rond D'Alembert: Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot, [At WSU] Voltaire (1694-1778): A Treatise on Toleration, 1763, [At WSU] Voltaire (1694-1778): Selections from the Philosophical Dictionary, [At Hanover] Charles Louis de Secondat Montesquieu (1689-1755): Persian Letters, No. 13, 1721 Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755): The Spirit of the Laws, 1748 Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): Second Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, 1755 Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): The Social Contract, 1763, extracts Condorcet (1743-94): On the Future Progress of the Human Mind, 1794
Cesare Beccaria: An Essay on Crimes and Punishments Paris Salons in the 18th Century
On Enlightenment society hostesses.David Hume (1711-1776): On Miracles from Human Understanding Enlightened Despotism
Kagan, 627-38 Catherine the Great of Russia: Various Documents on Enlightenment and Government Frederick II of Prussia (1740-1786): Essay on Forms of Government
Back to Index
III: American and French Revolutions
American Independence
lecture 10a: The American Revolution
Kagan, 579-602 J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur (1735-1813): Letters From An American Farmer: Letter 3: What is an American, 1782, [At UVA] Edmund Burke: On conciliation with America, March 22, 1775, [At The American Revolution Site] Declaration of Independence, 1776, [At Yale] United States Constitution, 1787, [At Yale] James Madison:Speech proposing the Bill of Rights, June 8, 1789, [At The American Revolution Site] Bill of Rights and the Amendments to The Constitution, [At The American Revolution Site] Alexis De Tocqueville: Democracy in America, Book II: Chapter 8: Book III, Chapters 3, 4 Chief Black Hawk (1767-1838): Autobiography Smallpox, Indians, and Blankets
Slavery
Gottlieb Mittelberger, On the Misfortune indentured Servants, [At The American Revolution Site] Oladuah Equiano: The Life of Gustavus Vassa
Liberal and Radical Revolution in France
lecture 10: The French Revolution: Origins
Kagan, 641-44 Cahier of the Third Estate of Dourdan, March 29, 1789, [At Clinch Valley College] lecture 11: The Liberal Revolution
Kagan, 644-59 Abbé Sieyes: What is the Third Estate?
The Tennis Court Oath, June 20, 1789, [At Clinch Valley College][With facsimiles of the Document] Declaration of the Rights of Man, 26 August, 1789, [At Yale] Decree Abolishing Feudalism, 1789, [At Hanover] Civil Constitution of the Clergy, 1790, [At Hanover] lecture 12: The Radical Revolution
Kagan, 659-75 Proclamation of the Duke of Brunswick, 1792, [At Hanover]
The threat that lead to the onset of the French Revolutionary wars.The Marseillaise Maximilian Robespierre (1758-94): On the Festival of the Supreme Being,, 1794 Maximilian Robespierre (1758-94): Terror and Virtue, 1794
Responses to Revolution
Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of the Rights of Women, 1791 Edmund Burke (1729-1797): Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1791, extended excerpts
Reaction, Napoleon, and Romanticism
lecture 13: Reaction and the Rise of Napoleon
Kagan, 675-79 Napoleon Bonaparte: Account of the Situation of the Empire, 1804, [At Hanover] lecture 14: Napoleon and Romanticism
Kagan, 683-93, 694-99, 705-17 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Faust, 1808, [At Clinch Valley College] William Wordsworth (1770-1850): Tintern Abbey Beethoven [played in class]
Back to Index
Events
lecture 15: Causes of the Industrial Revolution
Kagan, 561-70 The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries lecture 16: The Industrial Revolution: Technology and Social Effects
Kagan, 761-72 The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles
Leeds Woolen Workers' Petition, 1786
Attacking the effects of machinery.Leeds Cloth Merchants' Letter, 1791
Defending machinery.The Revolution in Power
The Steam Engine [At Toronto]
A short modern account of how a steam engine works, and what was improved in the 18th century.Thomas Newcomen: The Newcomen Engine, [At exeter.ac.uk] [Sketch picture] James Watt (1736-1819): The Steam Engine, c. 1769, [At Museon.nl] [Picture] James Watt (1736-1819) and Matthew Boulton: An Industrial Steam Engine [witha 64 inch bore!], 1820, [At Kew Bridge Steam Museum] [Picture] Richard Guest: Compendious History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1823
On the application of steam power to cotton looms and the social effects.William Radcliffe: Origin of...Power Loom Weaving, 1828
On the application of steam power to cotton looms.Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859): The S.S. Great Britain, 1839, [At Digiweb][Picture+text] or Another Picture [At wlihe.ac.uk]
The first ocean-going steam propeller ship.Curt Anderson: The Two Countries That Invented the Industrial Revolution, [At Darex.com][Modern Article]
An explanation of the different functions of invention in Briatin and the United States.
The Lives of Workers
Observations on the Loss of Woollen Spinning, 1794 Life of 19th Century Workers In England [At Alderson-Broaddus College] Edwin Chadwick (1803-1890): Report on Sanitary Conditions, 1842, [At Brown] Texts on the Physical Effects of Factory Work, [At Brown] Harret Robinson: Lowell Mill Girls, 1834-1848 Urban Life: New Social Classes
Friedrich Engels: Industrial Manchester, 1844
From The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844.Andrew Ure (1778-1857): The Philosophy of the Manufacturers, 1835 Social Reformism
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910): Rural Hygiene
Life on the farm was not that much of an improvement over a factory. But, eventually, the social activists turned their eyes on the countryside as well.Literary Response
William Blake: Preface to 'Milton', 1804, [At Clinch Valley College] William Wordsworth (1770-1850): The Excursion, 1814 Charles Dickens: Hard Times, Chapter 2, [At Mt Holyoke] Elizabeth Gaskell: North and South, 1855, [At Clinch Valley College] Emile Zola: Germinal, 1885, extracts, [At WSU] Andrew Carnegie (18351919): The Gospel of Wealth, 1889
Back to Index
V: The Century of Ideology and Power
The Congress of Vienna System and Challenges
lecture 17: The Congress of Vienna System and Challenges
Kagan, 699-705, 721-34 Prince Klemens Von Metternich (1773-1859): Political Confession of Faith, 1820 The Carlsbad Decrees, 1819, [At Hanover] Joseph De Maistre: The Divine Origins of Constitutions, 1810
Conservative political thinking.lecture 18: 1848: The Course of Events and 19th-Century Liberalism
Kagan, 742-51, 775-76, 780-93 1848: Europe in Revolt
Documents of the Revolution of 1848 in France, 1848, [At Hanover] Hapsburg Documents, [At HNet] [Mostly Documents of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49] Liberalism
Thomas R. Malthus (1766-1834): First Essay on Population, 1798 David Ricardo (1772-1823): The Iron Law of Wages, 1817 John Stuart Mill (1806-73): On Liberty, extracts, [At WSU] 19th-Century Feminism
Kagan, 854-57 Seneca Falls Declaration, 1848 Sojourner Truth (1797-1883): 'An't I a Woman?', 1851
A rough-hewn account.Susan B. Anthony: On Women's Right to Vote, 1873 Maria Eugenia Echenique: The Emancipation of Women, 1876, [At WSU] - An Argentinian femnist. Margaret Sanger (1883-1966): Autobiography
On why she became a crusader for birth control.lecture 19: Nationalism and the Decline of Cosmopolitanism
Kagan, 734-42, 801-22, [828-32], 857-58 Ideologies of Nation
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (17621814):, Addresses to the German Nation, 1806
Political nationalism as a response to Napoleon.Giuseppe Mazzini: On Nationality as a Key to Social Development, 1852 Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847): Justice for Ireland, Speech to House of Commons, Feb 4, 1836 Theodor Herzl (1860-1904): On the Jewish State, 1896 Nationalism and Music The Rise of Germany
Unification of Germany and Italy in Maps, 1850-1873, [At Clinch Valley College] Otto von Bismarck: Memoirs, [At Hanover] Otto von Bismarck: Speech on the Polish Question, to the Lower House of the Prussian Parliament, January 28, 1886, [At HNet]
Power and Ideology in the US: North vs. South
Kagan, 754-59 Monroe Doctrine, 1823¸ [At Yale] John L. O'Sullivan: On Manifest Destiny, 1839, [At Mt. Holyoke] The Conflict over Slavery
James Stirling: The Life of Plantation Field Hands, 1857 The opinions of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case, [At The American Revolution Site] Abraham Lincoln: Emancipation Proclamation, 1862, [At Yale] Walt Whitman: Song of Myself, 1855
Responses to Economic Growth:
Socialism and Marxism, Trade Unionism
lecture 20: Socialism, Marxism, and Trade Unionism
Kagan, 776-87, 859-65 Early Socialism
Chartism: The People's Petition, 1838 Louis Blanc (18111882): The Organization of Labour, 1840 Marxism
Karl Marx (1818-83) and Frederich Engels: Communist Manifesto, 1848, extracts, [At WSU] Versions of Socialism
Edouard Bernstein (1850-1932): Evolutionary Socialism William Morris (1834-1896): Why I Am a Socialist, 1884 Socialist Culture
Anne Maier: Autobiography, 1912 The Internationale Trade Unionism
Responses to Economic Growth:
Imperialism
Kagan, 911-21 Analyses
John A. Hobson (1858-1940): Imperialism, 1902 Extent of European Colonialism in Statistical Terms, [At Mt. Holyoke] China and the West
Qian Long [Ch'ien Lung]: Letter to George III, 1793 Kaiser Wilhelm II: German Interests in China, 1900, [At HNet] India Under the British
Raja Rammohan Roy: A Second Conference Between an Advocate for, and An Opponent of the Practice of Burning Widows Alive, 1820, [At WSU] Sir William Bentinck: On Ritual Murder in India , 1829 Africa
Stephen Wooten: The French in West Africa, [At Wisconsin] [A modern account] American Imperialism
Albert Beveridge (1862-1927): The March of the Flag, September 16, 1898 The Platt Amendment, 1903, [At Mt. Holyoke] Celebrations and Objections
Rudyard Kipling: The White Man's Burden, 1899 Edward Morel: The Black Man's Burden, 1903, Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness, 1902, extracts, [At WSU] The American Anti Imperialist League Platform, 1899 George Orwell: Shooting an Elephant, [At BNL][Full Text] The Japanese Exception
Theodore Roosevelt: The Threat of Japan, 1889, [At Mt. Holyoke]
The Second Industrial Revolution and Advanced Capitalism
lecture 21: Spread and Social Results of Industrialization
Kagan, 835-54 The Process of Industrialization
Tables Illustrating the Spread of Industrialization Spread of Railways in Europe
George Friedrich List (1789-1846): National System of Political Economy Robert Franz: The German Banking System, 1910 The Chemical Industry Electricity Automation and the Assembly Line The Modern Corporation
Contradictions of the Enlightenment:
Darwin, Freud, Einstein and Modern Art
lecture 22: Modernism: Late 19th/Early 20th Century Cultural Conflicts
Kagan, 877-907, 958-63 Biology: Red in Tooth and Claw
Charles Darwin: Origin of the Species, 1859, extracts, [At WSU] Charles Darwin (1809-1882): The Descent of Man, 1871 Herbert Spencer: Progess: Its Law and Causes, 1857
Social Darwinism by its founder.Physics: The End of the Classical Synthesis
Bertrand Russell: Philosophical consequences of relativity, written for 13th ed of Encyclopedia Britannica, [At HK] Psychology: The Obscurity of the Mind
Sigmund Freud: The Interpretation of Dreams, 1900, extracts, [At WSU] Philosophical Reflections: The End of Reason?
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): Parable of the Madman Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): The Geneology of Morals, extracts, [At WSU] Literature: Humanity's Heart of Darkness?
Mathew Arnold (1822-88): Dover Beach, c. 1851, [At Auburn] Visual Arts: What to Do After Photography?
A Surrealist Manifesto: The Declaration of January 27, 1925
Religion in the Face of Modernity
Catholicism: Reaction and Radicalism
Pope Pius IX: Syllabus of Errors, 8 Dec 1864, [At American] Pope Leo XIII: On the Condition of the Working Classes (Rerum Novarum), 15 May 1891, [At American] Dorothy Day: Aims and Purposes, 1940 [At Catholic Worker]
This page has many more texts by Dorothy Day and other Catholic Worker writers.Mary: Lourdes and Fatima Missionary Expansion Protestantism: Activism, Rationalism, and Fideism
Walter Rauschenbusch: The Social Gospel, 1908
Back to Index
VI: The End of European Hegemony
World War I
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Kagan, 921-39, 944-45 | ||||
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The War | ||||
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Literary Responser
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The Aftermath
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The Russian Revolution
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Crib Sheet: The Russian Revolution
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Kagan, 536-41, 823-28, 865-72, 839-44, 965-74, 1018-25 | ||||||
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The Tsarist State | ||||||
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The Development of the
Opposition
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Lenin
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