This bibliography is arranged according to subject matter. Although it originated (in 1989) in a bibliography of medieval homosexuality, and is most complete for that period, it now addresses the history of homosexuality in all periods. It is also now up to date. A few items appear more than once when they fit more than one category. Most of the annotations are mine, but some are from the bibliographies whence came the reference.

There has been an outpouring of scholarship on lesbian and gay history in the past ten years, and much more is in the pipeline. Any printed bibliography will date quickly, so if you are undertaking a research project, make sure also to search online databases. The library of the University of California System, available at http://www.melvyl.ucop.edu/ is especially useful.

This bibliography is extensive but not comprehensive. For further research consult the bibliographies of the newer specialist books in each area of interest. The most important secondary works, in my opinion, are given in bold text. These should be consulted first.

I am willing to make addition to this list. If you have suggestions, send them to:

halsall@fordham.edu

It is very important that publication information is included - full name of author, full title, place of publication, publisher, date.

If you have a more extended bibliography for a particular period or issue, I would also be willing to include that. Once again if you send it to me, please make sure it conforms (more or less) to Chicago Manuel of Style/Turabian guidelines.

I: Bibliographical Resources

Arts and Humanities Citations Index, (Philadelphia: Institute for Scientific Information)
[complicated and complete]

Bullough Vern, Dorr Legg, Barry Elcano et al, eds., ,An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality and Other Stigmatized Behavior, (New York: Garland, 1976)

Elcano, Barry, & Vern Bullough, Bibliography of Prostitution, ed. (New York: Garland, 1976)

Dynes Wayne , Homosexuality: A Research Guide, (New York and London: Garland, 1987)
Indispensable, wonderful and massive annotated bibliography of all areas of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered studies. Does not cover fiction. An essential starting point for lesbian and gay studies. 4858 citations, most heavily annotated. But note this cannot be depended on now - much work has been done since its publication. Since 1987 a lot of new publications have transformed the field of LGBT history - look for Dyne's promised second edition.

Dynes, Wayne, ed., Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, 2 vols, (Garden City, NY: Garland, 1989)

Dynes, Wayne, and Stephen Donaldson, eds., History of homosexuality in Europe and America, (New York : Garland Pub., 1992)
Collected articles.

Fout, John C., A select bibliography on the history of sexuality, (Annandale-on-Hudson, N.Y : Committee on Lesbian and Gay History, Bard College, 1989)

Foster. Jeannette H., Sex Variant Women in Literature: A Historical and Quantative Survey 2nd ed., (New York: Vantage Press, 1956)(repr. Baltimore: Diana Press, 1975)

Geloof, kerk en Homoseksualiteit, (Amsterdam: NVIH-COC, 1984)
22 page bibliography of Dutch language books and articles.

Halsall, Paul, Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Catholic Bibliography, (http://pwh.evansville.edu/lgbcathbib.html
Very larged bibliography on Christianity, Judaism, and Homosexuality.

Herzer, Manfred, Bibliographie zur Homosexualitat : Verzeichnis des deutschsprachigen nichtbelletristischen Schrifttums zur weiblichen und mannlichen Homosexualitat : aus den Jahren 1466 bis 1975, (Berlin: Winkel, 1982)

Horner, Tom,Homosexuality and the Judeo-Christian Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, (New York: ATLA - Bibliographical Series No. 5, 1981)

Humanities Index, (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1974-) [Complete and easy to use]

Journal of the History of Sexuality: Cumulative List of Articles

International Medieval Bibliography, ed. R.S. Hoyt & P.H. Sawyer, (Leeds & Minneapolis: 1967- ) [Contains references in foreign languages. Easy to use. Needs a better indexing system]

Katz, Jonathan, ,A Gay Bibliography: Eight Bibliographies on Lesbianism and Male Homosexuality, (New York: 1975)

The Lesbian in Literature: A Bibliography 2nd ed., (Reno, Nevada: The Ladder, 1975)

Medieval Studies: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Everrett V. Crosby et al, (New York: Garland, 1983)

Parker, William, ed., "Homosexuality and History: An Annotated Bibliography", Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980), pp. 191-211 [123 entries. Well annotated]

Parker, William, ed., Homosexuality: Bibliography Supplement, (Metuchen, NJ.: Scarecrow Press, 1977)

Parker, William, ed., Homosexuality: A Selective Bibliography of Over 3000 Items, (Metuchen, NJ.: Scarecrow Press, 1971)

Porter, Jack Nusan, Sexual Politics in the Third Reich: The Persecution of the Homosexuals during the Holocaust: A Bibliography and Introductory Essay, (Newton, Mass.: The Spencer Press :8 Burnside Rd., 02161:, 1991), ISBN 0-932270, 21 p.

Recently Published Articles, pub. by American Historical Association
[complete, but no index and so difficult and time-consuming]

Weinberg, M., & A. Bell, Homosexuality: An Annotated Bibliography, (New York: 1972)
Much old-fashioned psychological literaure reviewed.

Women in Western European History: A Select Chronological, Geographical and Topical Bibliography: Vol I: Antiquity to the French Revolution, (1982)

Young, Ian, The Male Homosexual in Literature, (Metuchen, NJ.: Scarecrow Press, 1975)

Also useful bibliographies below in Adam, Boswell, Bullough (Sexual Variance), Goodich (Unmentionable Vice), Greenberg, Greenberg & Bystryn and Kuster & Cormier.

Many academic journals now accept articles on homosexuality. Of special interest are:-

• GLQ
  More literary and social "criticism than" history.
• Journal of the History of Sexuality: Homepage
  Now the premier journal in the field.
• Journal of Homosexuality
  Tends to reissue many volumes as edited article collections.
• Journal of Sex Research
• Signs

II: History of Homosexuality - General Works

A: Theory

Abelove, Henry, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, eds, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, (New York: Routledge: 1993)
Selection of forty two of the most important theoretical and historical writings in Lesbian and Gay Studies.

Dennis Altman: On Global Queering [Australian Humanities Review]
With Responses from Gary Dowsett , Michael Tan, Donald Morton , Christopher Lane , David Halperin and Fran Martin

Beemyn, Brett and Mickey Elianon, eds., Queer Studies : A Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Anthology, (New York: New York Univ Press, 1996)

Boswell, John, "Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories ", Salmagundi 58-59 (1982-83), 89- 113, reprinted in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989), 17-36
The prime explicit defence by the historian most frequently idenitified as an "essentialist".

Boyarin, Daniel. "Are There Any Jews in `The History of Sexuality'?" Journal of the History of Sexuality 5:3 (1995): 333-55.

Boyarin, Daniel. Unheroic conduct : the rise of heterosexuality and the invention of the Jewish man Berkeley : University of California Press, c1997.

Bullough, Vern L., "Sex in History: A Virgin Field", Journal of Sex Research 8 (1972), pp. 101-16, repr. in Vern L. Bullough, Sex, Society and History, (New York: Science History Publications, 1976)

Bell, Shannon. "`Pictures don't lie. Pictures tell it all.'" Journal of the History of Sexuality 6:2 (1995): 284-321.

Beemyn, Brett, ed. Queer studies : a lesbian, gay, bisexual, & transgender anthology, (New York : New York University Press, c1996.)

Chauncey, George, Jr., "From Sexual Inversion to Homosexuality ", Salmagundi 58-59 (1982-83), 114-46

Cohen, Colleen Ballerino, and Karen Robertson. "Historical Presences, Present Silences: A Critical Analysis of Fragments for a History of the Human Body." Journal of the History of Sexuality 3:1 (1992): 129-40. [REVIEW ESSAY].

Cohen, Ed, Talk on the Wilde Side: Towards a Genealogy of a Discourse on Male Sexualities, (New York: Routledge, 199?)

Daniel, Marc, "A Methodology for the Study of Historical aspects of Homosexuality", ONE Institute Quarterly 3 (1960), pp. 268-280

Dollmore, Jonathan, Sexual Dissidence: Ausgutine to Wilde, Freud to Foucault, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1991)
Influential, but a tough read.

Duberman, Martin, ed., A Queer World : The Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, (New York: New York Univ Press, 1997)

Evans, David T., Sexual Citizenship: The Material Construction of Sexualities, (New York: Routledge, 1993)

Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard. "People of the Body: The Problem of the Body for the People of the Book." Journal of the History of Sexuality 2:1 (1991): 1-24.

Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality, Vol I: An Introduction, (New York: Pantheon, 1978)
Almost more like a meditation than history. Leading French structuralist applies his view of human society, already seen in his history of madness, to sexuality. Argues that sexuality is "constructed" in each society, in a similar manner to language/grammar. This goes against Boswell's idea of "homosexuality" as a continuing part of the human condition. Foucault's ideas, along with Levi-Strauss's have heavily influenced other modern gay historians such as Weeks and Katz, who however, set the formation of modern homosexual consciousness at different periods. The conflict between Boswell and the others is as much an issue of philosophy as history.]

Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality, Vol II:

Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality, Vol III:

Fradenburg, Louise, and Carla Freccero, Premodern sexualities, (New York : Routledge, 1996)

Gilbert, Arthur N., "Conceptions of Homosexuality and Sodomy in Western History", Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980), pp. 57-68
Discusses two approaches to history of homosexuality: to look at famous individuals; or to look at what was the (hostile) view of society.]

Greyling, Marc [marcg@eagles.bbs.net.au], "Inventing Queer Place: Social space and the urban environment as factors in the writing of gay, lesbian and transgender histories", (nd: URL http://maya.eagles.bbs.net.au/~marcg/queer-pl.html)

Greenberg, David F., The Construction of Homosexuality, (Chicago: Chicago UP, 1988)
Recent exposition of the social construction school. Has an extensive historical survey.

Reviews
Boswell, John, "Books: Gay History", The Atlantic Feb 1989; 263:2 p. 74-78
Brundage, James A, Church History Mar 1991; 60:1 p. 148-149

Jagose, Annamarie, Queer Theory : An Introduction, (New York: New York Univ Press, 1997)
[From blurb] In Queer Theory: An Introduction, Annamarie Jagose provides a clear and concise explanation of queer theory, tracing it as part of an intriguing history of same-sex love over the last century, from mid-century homophile movements to gay liberation, the women's movement and lesbian feminism, to the re-appropriation of the term "queer". Carefully interrogating the arguments of supporters and opponents of queer theory, Jagose suggests that its strength lies in its questioning of the very idea of sexual identities. Blending insights from prominent queer theorists such as Judith Butler and David Halperin, Jagose argues that queer theory's challenge is to create new ways of thinking, not only about fixed sexual identities such as heterosexual and homosexual, but also about other supposedly essential notions such as "sexuality" and "gender" and even "man" and "woman".

Herdt, Gilbert, "Representations of Homosexuality: An Essay on Cultural Ontology and Historical Comparison." Part I, Journal of the History of Sexuality 1:3 (1991): 481-504; Part II, Journal of the History of Sexuality 1:4 (1991): 603-32.

Herdt, Gilbert, ed., Same Sex, Different Cultures : Gays and Lesbians Across Cultures, (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1997)

Koehl, Robert B. et al., CLAGS PAPERS in Queer Representations, (New York: New York University Press, 1997), ed. Martin Duberman, pp. 7-54.

Koehl, Robert B., "Ephoros and Ritualized Homosexuality in Bronze Age Crete," pp. 7-13;
DeVries, Keith, "The 'Frigid Eromenoi' and Their Wooers Revisited: A Closer Look at Greek Homosexuality in Vase Painting," pp. 14-24.;
Williams, Craig A., "Pudicitia and Pueri: Roman Concepts of Male Sexual Experience," pp. 25-38.;
Halperin, David M., "Questions of Evidence: Commentary on Koehl, DeVries, and Williams," pp. 39-54.

Kitzinger, Celia, Social Construction of Lesbianism, (?:Sage 1988)

Macintosh, Mary, "The Homosexual Role", Social Problems 16:2 (1968) 182-92, repr. in in Kenneth Plummer, ed., The Making of the Modern Homosexual, (London: Hutchinson, 1981)
Vastly influential article. The classic statement of the social constructionis position.

Marshall, John, "Pansies, Perverts and Macho Men: Changing Conceptions of Male Homosexuality ", in Kenneth Plummer, ed., The Making of the Modern Homosexual, (London: Hutchinson, 1981), 133-54

Mangan, J. A. "Men, Masculinity, and Sexuality: Some Recent Literature." Journal of the History of Sexuality 3:2 (1992): 303-13 [REVIEW ESSAY].

Rousseau, G. S. (George Sebastian), Perilous enlightenment : pre- and post-modern discourses : sexual, historical, (Manchester, UK ; New York : Manchester University Press ; New York : [Distrib.] St. Martin's Press, c1991]

Padoug, Robert, "Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality in History", Radical History Review 20 (1979). 2-23, reprinted in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989), 54-66
An early and influential exposition of "social constructionist" approaches.

Parker, Richard G., and John H. Gagnon, Conceiving Sexuality: Approaches to Sex Research in a Postmodern World, (New York: Routledge, 199?)

Plummer, Kenneth, ed., The Making of the Modern Homosexual, (London: Hutchinson, 1981)

Raffo, Susan, ed., Queerly Classed, (Boston: South End Press, 1997)

Ruch, Libby O. "Sexual Violence against Women." Journal of the History of Sexuality 2:4 (1992): 634-40 [REVIEW ESSAY].

Stein, Edward, Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy, (New York: Routledge, 199?)

Vance, Carol, "Social Construction Theory: Problems in the History of Sexuality", in Homosexuality. Which Homosexuality?, ed. Theo van der Meer and Anja van Kooten Niekerk, (London: 1989)

Weeks, Jeffrey, Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain From the Nineteenth Century to the Present, rev. ed. (New York & London: Quartet, 1990)
first ed. 1977 {Rev. in Jnl.Homo 6 (1980), pp. 214-219}

Week, Jeffrey, "Discourse, Desire and Sexual Deviance" in Kenneth Plummer, ed., The Making of the Modern Homosexual, (London: Hutchinson, 1981), 76-111

Weeks, Jeffrey, Sex, Politics and Society, (London: Longman, 1981)

Weeks, Jeffrey, Sexuality and its Discontents, (London: 19 )

Whittam, F.L., "The Homosexual Role: A Reconsideration", Journal of Sex Research 13:1 (1977) 1-11,

B: History

Among Men, Among Women: Sociological and Historcial Recognition of Homosocial Arrangements, (Gay Studies and Women's Studies Conference, University of Amsterdam, 22-26 June 1983), collected papers, (Amsterdam: Sociological Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1983)Aries, Philippe & Andre Bejin, eds., Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985; orig. pub. as Sexualities Occidentales, Paris: Editions du Seuil/Communications, 1982)

The Bible,
References to homosexuality (some only possible):- Old Testament: Genesis 13:13, 18:20-22, 19:4-8. 19:24-25, Leviticus 18:22, 20:13, Deuteronomy 23:17-18, Judges 19:22-24, Ruth 1:16-17, II Samuel 1:26, I Kings 14:24, 15:12, 22:46, II Kings 23:7, Proverbs 10:9 New Testament: Romans 1:24-32, I Corinthians 6:9-10, Galatians 5:19-21, I Timothy 1:9-10, II Peter 2:6, Jude 1:7, Revelations 21:8, 22:15

Bravmann, Scott, Queer fictions of the past : history, culture, and difference Cambridge, U.K. ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press,1997.

Bullough, Vern L., "Homosexuality and the Medical Model", Journal of Homosexuality 1:6 (1975), pp. 99-110

Bullough, Vern L., Sexual Variance in Society and History, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976)
Large scale survey of both western and eastern cultures in all historical periods. Groundbreaking work, but only a beginning. Has one of few discussions of Byzantine homosexuality. Has good references and foot notes

Bullough, Vern L., Sex, Society and History, (New York: Science History Publications, 1976)

Bullough, Vern L., Homosexuality: A History, (New York: New American Library, 1979)

Bullough, Vern L. and Bonnie Bullogh, Cross-Dressing, Sex, and Gender, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvanis Press, 1993)

Coote, Stephen, ed., The Penguin Book of Homosexual Verse, (Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, Penguin, 1983)
Poetry from Homer to today.

Cory, Donald W., Homosexuality: A Cross Cultural Approach, (New York: Julian Press, 1956)
Collects important early papers by authors such as Richard Burton, Westermarck, Havelock Ellis, Symondsetc.

Crompton, Louis, "Gay Genocide: From Leviticus to Hitler" in Louie Crew, ed., The Gay Academic, (Palm Springs, Ca.: Etc. Publications, 1978), pp. 67-91
Polemical title. Evidence of 200+ gay men and women put to death in the past, as well as 100-400,000 during the Third Reich. The German figures are very inflated.

Daniel, M. & A. Baudry, Les Homosexuels, (Tournai: 1973)

deBecker, Raymond, The Other Face of Love, (New York: Grove Press, 1969; & London: Sphere Books), trans. Margaret Crosland and Alan Daventry
Survey from Ancient times to now, with concentration on Christian world from early middle ages. Contains 172 pictures.

Duberman, Martin, Queer Representations, (New York: New York University Press, 1997)

Duberman, Martin Bauml, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989)
An important collection of essays and articles on a broad stretch of lesbian and gay history. Very informative introduction on basic parameters.

Ellis, Havelock, "Sexual Inversion",in Studies in the Psychology of Sex 2 vols., (New York: Random House, 1905), Vol 1, pp. 1-64
One of the earliest pieces of work. Looks at where and when homosexuality has been tolerated, and lists famous gays.

Fleming, Thomas, "Criminalizing a Marginal Community",in Deviant Designations, ed. Thomas Fleming and L.A. Visono, (Toronto: Butterworths, 198?)

Fone, Byrne R.S., "Some Notes Toward a History of Gay People", The Advocate no. 259 (Jan 25, 1979), pp. 17-19 & no. 260 (Feb 28, 1979), pp. 11-13
Argues that there is material for a history of homosexuality, at least for some times.

Fone, Byrne R.S., ed., Hidden Heritage: History and the Gay Imagination: An Anthology, (New York: Avocation Publishers, 1980)
Eclectic selection of sources and commentators covering Greece, Christianity, the middle ages and the 18th and 19th centuries. Some are not easily available elsewhere such as J.A. Symonds' "The Dantesque and Platonic Ideals of Love"

Fout, John C., ed., Forbidden History: The State, Society, and the Regulation of Sexuality in Modern Europe, (Essays from the [I]Journal of the History of Sexuality[I]). (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992) Essays by Randolph Trumbach on "Sex, Gender, and Identity in Modern Culture: Male Sodomy and Female Prostitution in Enlightenment London"; Ruth Perry on "Colonizing the Breast: Sexuality and Maternity in Eighteenth Century England"; Theo van der Meer on "Female Same-Sex Offenders in Late Eighteenth Century Amsterdam"; Robin Ann Sheets on "Pornography, Fairy Tales, and Feminism: Angela Carter's 'The Bloody Chamber'"; and James W. Jones on "Discourses on and of AIDS in West Germany, 1986-1990."

Frantzen, Allen J., Before the Closet: Same-Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999?

Garde, Noel I., Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History, (New York: Vantage Press, 1964)
Biographical sketches of 303 men in chronological orders. Gives the refs. that justify each inclusion. Is the author's name a puzzle?

Garber, Marjorie, Vested Interests: Cross-Dressing and Cultural Anxiety, ( London: Routledge, 1992; pb. New York: HarperPerenniel, 1993)
Discusses transvestism throughout history. Excellent references but no bibliography.

Hekma, Gert, Harry Oosterhuis, James Steakley, eds., Gay men and the sexual history of the political left, (Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Press, c1995), also issued as Journal of homosexuality 29: 2-4 (1995)
Covers Europe and the US.

Hardman, Paul D., Homoaffectionalism : male bonding from Gilgamesh to the present, (San Francisco : NF Division, GLB Publishers, 1993)

Herdt, Gilbert , ed. Third sex, third gender : beyond sexual dimorphism in culture and history, (New York: Zone Books, 1994)

Hirschfeld, Magnus, Die Transvestiten, (Berlin: Alfred Pulvermacher, 1910)

Hirschfeld, Magnus, Die Homosexualitat 2nd ed., (Berlin: Louis Marcus, 1914, 1920)
By the most important founder of the early German gay rights movement. Provides list of important homosexuals in history.

Hyde, H. Montgomery, The Love That Dared Not Speak its Name: A Candid History of Homosexuality in Britain, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970)
From William II to the present Queen.]

Jennings, Kevin, Becoming Visible : A Reader in Gay and Lesbian History for High School and College Students, (Boston: Alyson, 1994)
Selections from a number of authors for use in High School LGB history courses.

Katz, Jonathan Ned, The Invention of Heterosexuality, (New York: Dutton, 1995)
Katz extends the social constructionist understanding to heterosexuality.

Karlen, Arno, Sexuality and Homosexuality: A New View, (New York: W.W. Norton, 1971)
Early overview. No footnotes, Superseded by Bullough's Sexual Variance. Homophobic

Kepner, Jim, Becoming a People: A 4000 Year Gay and Lesbian Chronology, rev. ed.,(Los Angeles: International Gay and Lesbian Archives, 1994)

Kirsch, John, & James Rodman, "The Natural History of Homosexuality", Yale Scientific Magazine 51:3 (1977), 7-13

Lamm, N., "Judaism and the Modern Attitude to Homosexuality", in Jewish Bioethics, ed. F. Rosner & J.D. Bloch, (New York: Sanhedrin Press, Hebrew Publishing Co, 1979), pp. 197-218
Lamm is the leader of Yeshiva University, and no friend of :GB groups there.

Lerner, Gerda, The Creation of Patriarchy, (New York: Oxford UP, 1986)
Traces it all the way back to Meopotamia. An important feminist text.

Licata, Salvatore J. & Robert P. Petersen, eds., The Gay Past: A Collection of Historical Essays, (New York & London: Harrington Park Press, 1985), repr. of Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality (1981), which was a repr. of Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980)
Very useful edition of interdisciplinary journal. Many of the articles are cited elsewhere..

Lloyde, Robin, "The History of Boy Prostitution" in For Money or Love: Boy Prostitution in America, (New York: Vanguard Press, 1976; paperback, New York: Ballantine)
Superficial discussion of boy prostitution through history.

McNeill, John, The Church and the Homosexual 4th ed., (Boston: 1993, 1st ed. 1976)

Mayne, Xavier (pseud. of Edward I.P. Stevenson), The Intersexes: A History of Similisexualism as a Problem in Social Life, (New York: Arno Press, 1975, originally pub. privately 1908)
Survey of homosexuality from early times, especially amongst rulers, aristocrats, soldiers, athletes, religious, and intellectual leaders. A very early American study.

Miller, Neil, Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present, (New York: Vintage, 1995)
Readable (ie popular, not academic), and extensive (over 600 pages), account of modern lesbian and gay history in Europe and the Americas. Based on much of the academic research of recent years.

Quill, Zachary, Homosexuality Throughout the Ages, (Los Angeles: Wiz Books, 1969)

Rattray Taylor, G., Sex in History, (New York: Vanguard Press, 1954: Taylor, pb. New York; Harper and Row, 1973)
A book club favorite.

Rattray Taylor, G., "Historical and Mythological Aspects of Homosexuality" in Judd Marmor, ed., Sexual Inversion: The Multiple Roots of Homosexuality, (New York: Basic Books, 1965)
Thinks source material for a history of homosexuality is only available from 17th century. Later writers seem to have proved him pessimistic.

Robinson, Victor, ed., Encyclopaedia Sexualis: A Comprehensive Encyclopaedia-Grammar of the Sexual Sciences, (New York: Dingwall-Rock, 1936)

Rowse, Alfred, L., Homosexuals in History: Ambivalence in Society, Literature and the Arts, (New York: Macmillan, 1977)
Classic example of biographical approach to homosexuality in history. Believes that homosexuals are more creative than straights..

Ruse, Michael, Homosexuality: A Philosophical Inquiry, (Oxford: Basil Balckwell, 1988)
Ruse' philosphical inquiry is not a history at all, but focuses a sharp intelligence on Freud, biology, sociobiology and natural law.

Schlick, J & M.V. Zimmermann, The Homosexual in Civil and Religious Societies, (title is in French) {Reviewed in Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions 2(64) (1987), p. 327}

Sole, Jacque, L'amour en Occident a l'epoque moderne, (Paris: Albin Michel, 1976)
Based on a too easy dichotomy between women-esteeming and women-denying societies. Argues that the latter are the ones which denigrate homosexuality.

Spencer, Colin, Homosexuality: A History, (London: Fourth Estate, 1995; New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995)
Journalistic and under-referenced. In general it does not get beyond the approach of Rowse, and a great gays of history methodology.

Vanggaard, Thorkil, Phallos: A Symbol and Its History in the Male World, (New York: International Universities Press, 1973)
Includes information on Scandinavia.

C: Readers

There has been a recent flury of "readers" and "sourcebooks" in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans*, and Queer Studies. Since these both collect numerous important essays, and are useful for class assignment, the titles are presented togther here, for convenience.

Abelove, Henry, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, eds., The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, (New York: Routledge: 1993)[800 pages]
Selection of some of forty two of the important theoretical and historical writings in Lesbian and Gay Studies. Virtually no history as such. [666 pages]

I Politics and Representation

Gayle S. Rubin: Notes for a radical theory of the politics of sexuality, 3
Eve Kosofsky Sedgewick: Epistemology of the closet, 45
Stuart Hall: Deviance, politics and the media, 65
Marilyn Frye: Some reflections on seperatism and power, 91
Barbara Smith: Homophobia: why bring it up? 99
Monique Wittig: One is not born a woman, 103
Ana Maria Alonso and Mari Teresa Koreck: Silences: "Hispanics", AIDS and sexual practices, 110
Cindy Patton: From Nation to Family: Containg African AIDS

II Spectacular Logic

Teresa De Lauretis: Sexual indifference and lesbian representation, 141
Phillip Brian Harper: Eloquence and epitaph: Black nationalism and the homophobic impulse in response to the death of Max Robinson, 159
Sasha Torres: Television/Feminism: Heartbeat and prime time lesbianism, 176
Simon Watney: The Spectacle of AIDS, 202

III Subjectivity, Discipline, Resistence
IV The Uses of the Erotic
V The Evidence of Experience
VI Collective Identities/Dissident Identities
VII Between the Pages

Blasius, Mark and Shane Phelan, eds, We are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics, (New York : Routledge, 1997) [600 pages] Massive compilation of documents. In fact, its is too big for its paperback covers.

I. Pre-History of a Lesbian and Gay Movement

A. Enlightenment Backgrounds
B. The French Revolution: Sexual Liberation and Political Speech

II. The Beginnings of a Gay and Lesbian Movement

A. The Third Sex Theory and the Creation of Political Subjects
B. The Emergence of a Gay and Lesbian Political Culture in Germany
C. Voices of the Gay and Lesbian Diaspora: Britain and France
D. From Liberalism to the New Social Relations of Soviet Socialism
E. Subculture, Censorship, and Civil Rights in the United States

III. The Homophile Movement: 1950-1969
IV. Gay Liberation and Lesbian Feminism
V. The Gay and Lesbian Politics of AIDS
VI. The Present Moment and the Future of Desire

Comstock, Gary David, and Susan E. Henking, eds., Que(e)rying Religion: A Critical Anthology, (New York: Continuum, 1997)
Contains 39 previously published articles and book chapters:

I: History
II: Tradition
III: Culture and Society
IV: Scripture and Myth

Duberman, Martin, ed., A Queer World: The Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, (New York: New York University Press, 1997)

Gross, Larry, and James D. Woods, eds., Columbia Reader on Lesbians and Gay Men in American Society, Politics and the Media, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997)[forthcoming]

Jennings, Kevin, ed., Becoming Visible : A Reader in Gay and Lesbian History for High School and College Students, (Boston: Alyson, 1994)
Selections from a number of authors for use in High School LGB history courses.

Lancaster, Roger and Micaela di Leonardo, eds., The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy,(New York: Routledge: 1997) [550 pages]

McCormick, Ian, ed., Secret Sexualities: A Sourcebook of 17th and 18th Century Writing, (New York: Routledge, 1997) [272 pages]

Introduction
Anatomies
Crimes
Representations
Sapphism

Morton, Donald, ed., The Material Queer: A LesBiGay Cultural Studies Reader, (Boulder CO: Westview, 1996)
Contains previously published articles addressing Queer Studies with a from the perspectives of materialism, Marxism, and Deconstruction. readers need a high tolerance for a critical jargon which may date rather rapidly. Uniquely for one of these books, Morton also lists important articles from which he was not granted reprint permission. The working bibliography is excellent. The sections are:

Intro: Queer Consensus/Socialist Conflict
Dossier 1: Outing the Concepts
Dossier 2: Signsex
Dossier 3: Identity Matters
Dossier 4: Queer Desire

See also the collections of Articles by Wayne Dynes and Stephen Donaldson:-

Dynes, Wayne, and Stephen Donaldson, eds., History of Homosexuality in Europe and America, (New York : Garland Pub., 1992) Collected articles.

Dynes, W. R & Donaldson, S, eds. Studies in Homosexuality, I: Homosexuality in the Ancient World
Collected essays, (New York: Garland, 1992)

Dynes, Wayne, and Stephen Donaldson, eds., Ethnographic Studies of Homosexuality, (New York : Garland Pub., 1992)
Collected articles.

Dynes, Wayne R. and Stephen Donaldson, eds. Asian Homosexuality, (New York : Garland Pub., 1992)
Collected articles

III: Antiquity

A. Sources
These texts come in multiple editions and translations, which are not indicated. If online, the link works

ANCIENT NEAR EAST

GREEK SOURCES

Achilles Tatius (2nd C. CE): Women unfavourably compared with boy lovers. Egypt, 2nd cent. A.D., from Leucippe and Clitophon 2.37.5-9, 38.1-3. G [At UKY]

Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE): Against Timarchus, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): The Clouds, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): The Knights, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): The Thesmophoriazusae, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Politics e.g., 1274, 1311, 1315

Aristotle (384-322 BCE): Nichomachean Ethics, 1148

Athenaeus (c. 200 CE): The Deipnosophists, Book 13

Demosthenes (384-322 BCE): Erotic Essay, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Homer (c.850 BCE), Achilles Meets the Ghost of Patroclus, Illiad 23, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Plato (427-347 BCE): The Symposium (complete in one file, English); The Symposium, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Plato (427-347 BCE): Phreadrus, (complete in one file, English), [At UPenn] ; Phreadrus, [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Plato (427-347 BCE): The Laws; The Laws, 636bff [At Perseus, in English, with Greek text accessible ]

Plutarch (46-120 CE): Parallel Lives, (complete in English) [At Virginia Tech ]

Plutarch (46-120 CE): Life of Pelopidas, (complete) [At Virginia Tech ]

Ps.-Lucian (Lucian c.115-180 CE): The History of Orestes and Pylades, from Amores or Affairs of the Heart

Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): on Aristogeiton and Harmodius, from The Peloponnesian War. Full Text available at MIT.

Sappho (late 7th C. BCE): Poems, [At Sappho.com ]

Theocritus (c.320-c.260 BCE): Idylls 5, 12, 30 (all autobiographical), 13, and 23

ROMAN

Catullus: Selected Poems, selections, trans. John Porter, [At Univ. of Saskatechewan ]

Juvenal (early 2nd C. CE): Satire II - Against Hypocritical Queens [At Classics Homepage. In Latin ]

Juvenal (early 2nd C. CE): Satire IX

Martial (c.40-103 CE): Epigrams

Ovid (43BCE-17CE): Metamorphoses, [At Virginia Tech ]

Ovid (43BCE-17CE): Amores, selections, trans. John Porter, [At Univ. of Saskatechewan ]

Ovid (43BCE-17CE): Art of Love esp. 2. 663-746 and 3.769-812.

Petronius Arbiter (d.65 CE): Satyricon

Suetonius (b.c.70 d. after 121 CE): Lives of the Twelve Caesars

Tacitus (b. 56/57-d.after 117 CE):

Tibullus (c.55-19 BCE):

Virgil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid 9

B. Works

GENERAL ANTIQUITY

Aldrich. R.,The Seduction of the Mediterranean: Writing, Art and Homosexual Fantasy (Routledge 1993)
As much about the 18th and 19th century as antiquity.

Barkan, L. Transuming Passion: Ganymede and the Erotics of Humanism (1991)

Bing, P. & R. Cohen (edd., trr.), Games of Venus: an anthology of Greek and Roman erotic verse from Sappho to Ovid (New York and London, 1991)

Blok J., Mason P., Sexual Asymmetry. Studies in Ancient Society, (Amsterdam: 1987)

Boswell, John, "Concepts, Experience, and Sexuality," Differences 2.1 (1990) 67-87 (N.B. special issue of Differences on "Sexuality in Greek and Roman Society")

Bremmer, J., "An Enigmatic Indo-European Rite: Paederasty", Arethusa 13 (1980), pp 279-298

Brendel, Otto J. "The Scope and Temperament of Erotic Art in the Greco-Roman World." In Studies in Erotic Art, Edited by Theodore Bowie and Cornelia V. Christenson. (New York. 1970), pp. 3-107.

Brooten, Bernardette J, Love Between Women: Early Christian Respones to Female Homoeroticism, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996)
The most important book on the classical and early Christian history of Lesbianism. She attacks the idea that there was no general idea of "homosexuality" in these periods.

Cameron, Averil. "Neither Male Nor Female." G&R 27 (1980):60-68.

Cantarella, Eva, Bisexuality in the Ancient World, (New Haven: Yale UP, 1992)

Compton, Louis, "What Do You Say to Someone Who Claims that Homosexuality Caused the Fall of Greece and Rome?", Christopher Street (March, 1978), pp. 49-52

Den Boer W., Eros en Amor. Man en vrouw in Griechenland en Rome, (The Hague: 1962),

Dynes, W. R & Donaldson, S, eds. Studies in Homosexuality, I: Homosexuality in the Ancient World
Collected essays, (New York: Garland, 199?)

Eglinton, J.S., Greek Love, (New York: Oliver Layton Press, 1964)
Looks at history of boy-love in Greece, Rome, Middle ages and present.

Eyben, E. "Antiquity's View of Puberty," Latomus 31 (1972) 677-697

Finnis, John "`Shameless Acts' in Colorado: Abuse of Scholarship in Constitutional Cases," Academic Questions 7.4 (1994) 10-41 [see also Gerard V. Bradley, "The Case of Martha Nussbaum" in a series of essays on "Fraud in Research" in Society March/April 1994]

Frischauer P., La sexualité dans l'antiquité, (Verviers, 1971)

Fitzgerald, John T., Greco-Roman Perspectives on Friendship. (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997)

Goldhill, S. Foucault's Virginity: Ancient Erotic Fiction and the History of Sexuality, (Cambridge: 1995)

Humphry, S.C., The Family, Women and Death

Johns, Catherine.. Sex or Symbol: Erotic Images of Greece and Rome, (Austin TX:: 1982)

Kampen, Natalie Boymel, ed. 1996. Sexuality in Ancient Art. Cambridge.

Kleijwegt, Marc. Ancient Youth: The Ambiguity of Youth and the Absence of Adolescence in Greco-Roman Society. (Amsterdam. 1991)

Kloppenborg, John S. and Stephen G. Wilson, eds., Voluntary Associations in the Greco-Roman World, (New York: Routledge 1996)

Koch-Harnack, G., Knabenliebe und Tiergeschenke, (Berlin, 1983)

Koehl, Robert B. et al., CLAGS PAPERS in Queer Representations, (New York: New York University Press, 1997), ed. Martin Duberman, pp. 7-54.

Koehl, Robert B., "Ephoros and Ritualized Homosexuality in Bronze Age Crete," pp. 7-13;
DeVries, Keith, "The 'Frigid Eromenoi' and Their Wooers Revisited: A Closer Look at Greek Homosexuality in Vase Painting," pp. 14-24.;
Williams, Craig A., "Pudicitia and Pueri: Roman Concepts of Male Sexual Experience," pp. 25-38.;
Halperin, David M., "Questions of Evidence: Commentary on Koehl, DeVries, and Williams," pp. 39-54.

Konstan, David, Sexual Symmetry (Princeton 1993)

Konstan, David, Friendship in the Classical World, (Cambridge: CUP, 1997)
with an excellent bibliography.

Krenkel, Werner. "Männliche Prostitution in der Antike." Das Altertum 24: (1978) 49-55.

Krenkel, Werner. "Masturbation in der Antike." WZR 28, (1979) 159-172.

Krenkel, Werner. "Sex und politische Biographie." WZR 29: (1980)65-76.

Krenkel, Werner.. "Fellatio and irrumatio." WZR 29: (1980) 77-88.

Krenkel, Werner.. "Pueri meritorii." WZR 28: (1979) 179-189.

Krenkel, Werner.. "Tonguing." WZR 30: (1981) 37-54.

Krenkel, Werner... "Libido im Griechischen und Lateinischen." WZR 31: (1982) 39-41.

Kroll, Wilhelm. "Lesbische Liebe." RE 23 (1924) 2100-2102.

Kroll, Wilhelm. . "Knabenliebe." RE 11 (1921) 897-906.

Kroll, Wilhelm... Freundschaft und Knabenliebe. (Munich, 1927.)

Nussbaum, Martha C. "Platonic Love and Colorado Law: The Relevance of Ancient Greek Norms to Modern Sexual Controversies," Virginia Law Review 80.7 (October, 1994), 1515-1651

Richlin, Amy. ed. Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome. (Oxford. 1991)

Rouselle, Aline, Porneia: On Desire and the Body in Antiquity. trans. Felicia Pheasant, (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988; first pub. as Porneia, Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 1983)

Schrijvers, P. H., Eine medizinische Erklarung der mannlichen Homosexualitat aus der Antike,: (Caelius Aurelianus De morbis chronicis IV 9), (Amsterdam : B.R. Gruner, 1985).

Sergent, Bernard, L'homosexualite initiatique dans l'Europe ancienne, (Paris : Payot, 1986)

Siems, A. Karsten. (ed.), Sexualität und Erotik in der Antike (Darmstadt, 1988)

Skinner, M. "Ego Mulier: the Construction of Male Sexuality in Catullus," Helios 20 (1993) 107-130

Stevenson, Walter. "The Rise of Eunuchs in Greco-Roman Antiquity." Journal of the History of Sexuality 5:4 (1995): 495-511.

Thorp, John "The Social Construction of Homosexuality," Phoenix 46.1 (1992) 54-61

Weil, K. Androgyny and the Denial of Difference  (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press 1992)

Wilkinson, L. P., Classical attitudes to modern issues : population and family planning, women's liberation, nudism in deed and word, homosexuality, (London : Kimber, 1979, c1978).

Woldring, Henk: Vriendschap door de eeuwen heen, (Ambo/Baarn, 1994).
another good bibliography.

ANCIENT NEAR EAST

Bottero, J. and H. Petschow.  "Homosexualitat."  Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archaologie.  Vol. 4. 459-68. New York:   Walter de Gruyter, 1972-1975. 

Bullough, Vern L.  "Homosexuality as Submissive Behavior: Example from Mythology."  Journal of Sex Research 9.4 (1973): 283-88.  [Egypt: Horus and Seth]

Henshaw, Richard A. Female and Male: The Cultic Personnel: The Bible and the Rest of the Ancient Near East.  Allison Park, PA: Pickwick Publications, 1994. [See ch. 4 and app. 3.]

Jacobsen, Thorkild.  "How Did Gilgames Oppress Uruk?"  Acta Orientalia 8 (1930): 62-74.

Moussa, von Ahmed M. and Harwig Altenmuller.  Das Grab des Nianchchnum und Chnumhotep.  Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1977.  [Egyptian manicurist couple]

Saporetti, Claudio.  Abolire le nascite: il problema nella Mesopotamia antica.   71-119. Rome: Jouvence, 1993..

GREEK

Bain, D. "Six Greek Verbs of Sexual Congress (bino, kino, pugizo, leko, oipho, laikazo)," Classical Quarterly 41 (1991) 51-78

Bethe, E., "Die Dorische Knaben Liebe", Rheinisches Museum fur Philologie 62 (1907), pp. 438-475

Boardman, John & E. LaRocca, Eros in Greece (1978)

Boardman, John, Athenian Black Figure Vases, (London: Thames & Hudson, 19 )

Boardman, John, Athenian Red Figure Vases, (London: Thames & Hudson, 19 )

Brandt Paul [aka Hans Licht]., Sexual Life in Ancient Greece, Greenwood Press Reprint, 1974, 556 p.: réimpr.de l'édition de 1932.

Brelich, A., Paides e Parthenoi, (Rome: 1969)

Buffiere, Felix, Eros Adolescent: La pederastie dans la Grece antique, (Paris, 197?)
Distinguishes between enobling pederasty and vulgar homosexuality. Contains a lot of useful information.

Burkert, W., Greek Religion

Calame, Claude, L'Eros dans la Gre\ce antique, (Paris: E/ditions Belin, 1996) [a a revised second edition and translation of the author's I Greci e l'eros: Simboli, pratice, luoghi (Rome & Bari: Laterza, 1992)]

Reviews
Sutton, Robert F. in BMCR 97.9.16,

Carney, Elizabeth E. "Olympias and the Image of the Virago." Phoenix 47 (1993):29-55.

Cartledge, P "The Politics of Spartan Pederasty," PCPS 27 (1981) 17-36 (reprinted with add. in A. K. Siems (ed.), Sexualität und Erotik in der Antike [Darmstadt, 1988] 385-415)

Cassio, A.C., "Post Classical Lesbiai", Classical Quarterly 33:1 (1983), pp. 296-297

Clarke, W. M. "Achilles and Patroclus in Love," Hermes 106 (1978) 381-396

Cohen, David. "Sexuality, Violence, and the Athenian Law of Hybris," G&R 38 (1991) 171-188

Cohen, David. Law, Sexuality, and Society: the enforcement of morals in classical Athens (Cambridge 1991)

Cohen, David, "Debate (with Clifford Handley): Law, Society and Homosexuality in Classical Athens," Past and Present 133 (1991) 167-194

Cohen, David "Law, Society and Homosexuality in Classical Athens", Past and Present 117 (1987), pp. 3-21

Cohen, David, "Review Article: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Ancient Greece," CPh 87.2 (1992) 145

Cohen, David, "Consent and Sexual Relations in Classical Athens", in Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies, ed. Angeliki Laiou, (Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1993), 5-16

Dalby, A. "Food and Sexuality in Classical Greece," in Food, Culture and History 1 (1993) 165-90

Davis, J.K., Democracy and Classical Athens

Koch-Harnack, Gundel., Knabenliebe und Tiergeschenke : ihre Bedeutung im paderastischen Erziehungssystem Athens, forward by Walter H. Gross, (Berlin : Gebr. Mann, c1983)

Delcourt, Maurice, Hermaphrodite: Myths and Rites of the Bisexual Figure in Classical Antiquity, trans. Jennifer Nicolson, (London: Studio, 1961)

Delcourt, Maurice, Hermaphroditea: Recherche sur l'etre double promoteur de la fertilite dans la monde classique, (Brussels: n.p., 1966)

Devereaux, George, "Greek Pseudo-homosexuality and the Greek Miracle", Symbolae Osloenses 13 (1967), pp. 70-92
Argues, from a Freudian point of view that there is a link between homosexuality and extended adolescence, and that homosexuality and Greek culture's freshness are related.

Devereaux, George, "The Nature of Sappho's Siezure in FR 31 LP as Evidence of her Inversion", Classical Quarterly 20 (1970), pp. 17-31

DeVries, Keith, Homosexuality and Athenian Democracy. [Ph.D: University of Pennsylvannia. Date?]
Publication forthcoming: Will become basic

Dover, Kenneth J, "Greek Homosexuality and Initiation" in KJ Dover, ed., The Greeks and their Legacy: Collected Papers Volume II: Prose Literature, History, Society, Transmission, Influence (Oxford, 1988) 115-134

Dover, Kenneth J., "Classical Greek Attitudes to Sexual Behaviour", Arethusa 6 (1973) ¸59-83

Dover, Kenneth J., "Eros and Nomos", Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 2 (1964), pp. 31-42

Dover, Kenneth J., Greek Homosexuality, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1978; paperback, New York: Random House), Updated edition with new afterword, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 198)
The current standard work on ancient Greek homosexuality.

duBois, Page, "Eros and the Woman," Ramus 21 (1992) 97-

duBois, Page. "Phallocentrism and Its Subversion in Plato's Phaedrus." Arethusa 18 (1985):91-103.

Elia, John P., "History, Etymology and Fallacy: Attitudes Toward Male Masturbation in the Ancient Western World", Journal of Homosexuality 14:3-4 (1987), pp. 1-19

Fisher, Saul H., "A Note on Male Homosexuality and the Role of Women in Ancient Greece", in Judd Marmor, ed. Sexual Inversion: The Multiple Roots of Homosexuality, (New York: Basic Books, 1965), pp. 165-172

Flaceliere, Robert, "Homosexuality", in Love in Ancient Greece trans. by James Cleugh, (New York: Crown Publishers, 1962;paperback, New York: Macfadden Books)

Fornara, C.W., "The Cult of Aristogeiton and Harmodius", Philologus 114, (1970)

Gardner, Jane F. "Aristophanes and Male Anxiety -- the Defence of the Oikos," Greece & Rome 36

Garrison, Daniel Greek Sexual Culture (forthcoming: Oklahoma, 1995)

Gerber, Douglas. "The Female Breast in Greek Erotic Literature." Arethusa 11 (1978):203-12.

Golden, Mark. "Slavery and Homosexuality at Athens." Phoenix 38 (1984):308-24.

Gonfroys, F., Un fait de civilisation meconnu: l'homosexualite a Rome, (Poitiers: Thesis, 1972)

Green, Peter, Alexander of Macedon, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991 - reissue of earlier 1970. 1973 editions)

Guthrie, W.K.C., History of Greek Philosophy, Vols III & IV

Halperin, David M., One Hundred Years of Homosexuality : And Other Essays on Greek Love, The New Ancient World Series, (London: Routledge Chapman & Hall, 1989)
Devoted to social constructionism.

Halperin, David. M., "100 Years of Homosexuality (Patzer on Classical Athens)", Diacritics 16:2 (1986), pp. 34-45

Halperin, David. M., "Plato and Erotic Reciprocity", Classical Antiquity 5:1 (1986), pp. 60-80

Halperin, David, "Sex Before Sexuality: Pederasty, Politics and Power in Classical Athens", in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989), 37-536

Heckel, Waldemar, "The `Boyhood Friends' of Alexander the Great", Emerita 53:2 (1985), pp. 285-289

Hennefeld, Paul, Achilles to Zeus, Montclair, NJ, Paul Hennefeld, 1987)

Hindley, Clifford and David Cohen. "Debate: Law, Society and Homosexuality in Classical Athens.", Past and Present 133 (1991) 167-194

Hooker, J.T., The Ancient Spartans

Huxley, G.L., "Onomakles and the Alopekonnesians (Lesbian Antiquities in the Oxyrhyncus-Papyrus 3711)", Journal of Hellenic Studies 107 (1987), pp. 187-188

Jocelyn, H.D. "A Greek Indecency and Its Students: LAIKAZEIN." PCPhS 206: (1980)-66.

Katz, M. A. "Sexuality and the Body in Ancient Greece," Metis. Revue d'anthropologie du monde grec ancien 4 (1989) 97-125; reprinted in Trends in History 4 (1990) 97-125

Keuls Eva C., The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, 2d ed., (Berkeley: 1993)

Kilmer, Martin F. "Sexual Violence. Archaic Athens and the Recent Past," in Owls 261-277

Kilmer, Martin F., "Genital Phobia and Depilation," Journal of Hellenic Studies 102 (1982) 104-112

Kilmer, Martin F., Greek Erotica on Attic Red Figure Vases (London: Duckworth, 1993)

Lambert M. and H. Szesnat, "Greek Homosexuality: Whither the Debate?" Akroterion 39.2 (1994) 46-63

Lardinois, M. "Lesbian Sappho and Sappho of Lesbos" in J. Bremmer (ed.), From Sappho to de Sade: Moments in the History of Sexuality (1991)

Lavalle, B. M. "The Nature of Hipparchos' Insult to Harmodios," AJP 107 (1986) 318-331

Licht, Hans (pseud. of Paul Brandt), "Male Homosexuality", in Sexual Life in Ancient Greece, trans. J.H. Freez, (London: Routledge & Sons, 1932), pp. 411-498

Loraux Nicole, The Children of Athena. Athenian Ideas about Citizenship and the Division between the Sexes, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994)

Malul, Meir, Touching the Sexual Organs as an Oath Ceremony in an Akkadian Letter", Vetus Test. 37:4 (1987), pp. 491-92

Marrou, Henri I., "Pederasty in Classical Education", in A History of Education in Antiquity, trans. by George Lamb, (New York: New American Library, 1956), pp. 50-62

Martos Montiel, Juan Francisco.  Desde Lesbos con amor: homosexualidad femenina en la antiguedad. Madrid: Ediciones Clasicas, 1996 (=_Supplementa Mediterranea_ 1 (1996)).

Meier M.H.E., De Pogey-Castries L.-R., Histoire de l'amour grec dans l'antiquité, (Paris, 1980 )

Meier, M.H.E., "Paderastie", Allgemeine Encyclopadie und Kunsten 167 vols, (Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1837), Vol 4, pp. 149-188

Monoson, S. Sara "Citizen as Erastes.: Erotic Imagery and the Idea of Reciprocity in the Periclean Funeral Oration," Political Theory (May 1994)

Mouratiadis, John, "The Origin of Nudity in Greek Athletics", Journal of Sport History 12:3 (1985), pp. 213-232

Murnaghan, Sheila. "How a Woman Can Be More Like a Man: The Dialogue Between Ischomachus and His Wife in Xenophon's Oeconomicus." Helios 15 (1988):9-22.

Murray, Oswyn, Early Greece, (Glasgow: Fontana, 1980) [There have been other editions]
Addresses homosexuality, pp 203-207. A classic case of popularization of the view that homosexuality was a sort of aristocratic fashion.

Pacion, Stanley J., "Sparta: An Experiment in State Sponsored Homosexuality", Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 4 (April, 1970), pp. 28-32

Papalas, Anthony, J., "Prostitution in Ancient Greece", Drum 28 (Jan 1968), pp. 19-21

Patzer, Harald, Die Griechische Knabenliebe, (Wiesbaden: 1982)

Penwill, J. L. "Men in Love: Aspects of Plato's Symposium." Ramus 7 (1978):143-75.

Percy III, William A. Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece, (Champaign-Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1996)
Advances the idea that classical formulations of pederasty were invented in Crete and spread from there. This is an old-fashioned type of question (for even if social formations are indeed invented how and why they persist in very different later societies seems to be a more interesting question). It also seems to be true that sources do not permit definitive answers.

Pinney, G.F., "For the Heroes Are at Hand", Journal of Hellenic Studies 104 (1984), pp. 181-183

Pogey-Castries, L.R. de, Histoire de l'amour Grec dans l'antiquite, (Paris: Stenhal et Cie, 1930)

Rabinowitz, Nancy S. "Female Speech and Female Sexuality: Euripides' Hippolytos as Model." Helios 13.2 (1986):127-40.

Reed, J. D. "The Sexuality of Adonis," Classical Antiquity 14.2 (1995) 317 ff.

Reinsberg, Carola. Ehe, Hetarentum und Knabenliebe im antiken Griechenland, (Munchen : C.H. Beck, 1989, 1993)

Sergent, B., La Homosexualite dans la Mythologie Greque, (Paris, 1984), trans. as Homosexuality in Greek Myth, (New York: 1986)
Examines the homosexualization of Greek myth in the Classical period.

Shapiro, H. A. "Courtship Scenes in Attic Vase-Painting," AJA 85 (1981)

Shapiro, H. A., "Eros in Love: Pederasty and Pornography in Greece," in PRGR 53-72

Sissa, G. Greek Virginity (1990) Phoenix

Slater, Philip, The Glory of Hera, (Boston: 1968)

Snyder, Jane McIntosh.  Lesbian Desire in the Lyrics of Sappho.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Stehle, Eva, Performance and Gender in Ancient Greece, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997)

Sweet, Waldo E., "Protection of the Genitals in Greek Athletics", Ancient World 11:1-2 (1985), pp. 43-52

Symonds, John Addington, Studies in Sexual Inversion: "A Study of Greek Ethics" and "A Study of Modern Ethics", (New York: Medical Press. 1974?; originally published privately 1896 & 1901)
Early study by Englishman.

Ungaretti, John R., "Pederasty, Heroism and the Family in Classical Greece", Journal of Homosexuality 3 (1978), pp. 291-300

Vida-Naquet, P., La Chasseur-noir, (Paris, 1981)

Wender, Dorothea. "Plato: Misogynist, Paedophile, and Feminist." Arethusa 6 (1973):75-90.

Wick, T. "The Importance of the Family as a Determiner of Sexual Mores in Classical Athens," Societas 5.2 (1975) 133-145

Williamson, Margaret.  Sappho's Immortal Daughters. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Zeitlin, Froma I. (ed.), Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World (Princeton 1989)
Collected essays from the social constructionist perspective.

Zeitlin, F. I., "The Politics of Eros," in R. Hexter and D. Selden (eds.) Innovations of Antiquity (New York and London, 1992)

ROMAN

???. "Ut Decuit Cinaediorem: Power, Gender, and Urbanity in Catallus 10." Helios 16 (1989):7-23.

Adams, J.N. . "Culus, clunes and their Synonyms in Latin." Glotta 50: (1981), 231-264.

Adams, J.N. The Latin Sexual Vocabulary. (Baltimore: 1982)

Ancona, Ronnie. "The Subtrefuge of Reason: Horace, Odes 1.23 and the Construction of Male Desire." Helios 16 (1989):49-57.

Arkins, Brian. Sexuality in Catullus. (Hildesheim: 1982)

Boyd, Barbara Weiden. "Virtus Effeminatata and Sallust's Sempronia." TAPA 117 (1987):183-201.

Braund, S.H. "A Woman's Voice? Laronia's Role in Juvenal Satires 2." In B. Levick and R. Hawley, eds., Women in Antiquity, (London: 1995), 207-19.

Braund, S.H. Beyond Anger: A Study of Juvenal's Third Book of Satires. Cambridge. 1988.

Cahoon, Leslie. "The Bed as Battlefield: Erotic Conquest and Military Metaphor in Ovid's Amores." TAPA 118 (1988.) 293-307.

Clarke, John R. "The Decor of the House of Jupiter and Ganymede at Ostia Antica: Private Residence Turned Gay Hotel?" In Elaine K. Gazda, ed., Roman Art in the Private Sphere: New Perspectives on the Architecture and Decor of the Domus, Villa, and Insula, (Ann Arbor.: 1991), 89-104

Clarke, John R.. "The Warren Cup and the Contexts for Representations of Male-to-Male Lovemaking in Augustan and Early Julio-Claudian Art." Art Bulletin 75 (1993) 275-294.

Dalla, Danilo. "Ubi Venus mutatur": omosessualità e diritto nel mondo romano. (Milan. 1987)

Edwards, Catharine. The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome. (Cambridge. 1993)

Fantham, Elaine. "Stuprum: Public Attitudes and Penalties for Sexual Offences in Republican Rome." Echos du Monde Classique/ Classical Views 35 (1991) 267-291.

Fischer, Carl, and Kytzler, Bernhard, eds. Priapea: Die Gedichte des Corpus Priapeorum. (Salzburg. 1969).

Gonfroy, Françoise. "Homosexualité et idéologie esclavagiste chez Cicéron." Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 4 (1978) 219-262.

Gonfroy, Françoise. Un fait de civilisation méconnu: l'homosexualité masculine à Rome .Diss. Poitiers. 1972

Grassmann, Victor. Die erotischen Epoden des Horaz. (Munich. 1966)

Griffin, Jasper. Latin Poets and Roman Life. (London: 1985)

Grimal, Pierre. L'amour à Rome. (Paris. 1963, Repr. 1979)., English trans as. Love in Ancient Rome. Trans. Arthur Train, Jr. (Norman, Okla. 1986)

Hallett, Judith P. "Female Homoeroticism and the Denial of Roman Reality in Latin Literature." Yale Journal of Criticism 3: (1989a), 209-227.

Hallett, Judith P. "Masturbator, Mascarpio." Glotta 54 (1979): 292-308.

Hallett, Judith P. "Perusinae glandes and the Changing Image of Augustus." AJAH 2 (1977) 151-171.

Hallett, Judith P. "Roman Attitudes toward Sex." In Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean, Edited by M. Grant and R. Kitzinger. (New York. 1988), II.1265-1278.

Herter, Hans. 1960. "Soziologie der antiken Prostitution im Lichte der heidnischen und christlichen Schriftum." Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 3: 70-111.

Herter, Hans. 1978. "Genitalien." RAC 10: 1-52.

Herter, Hans. De Priapo. Giessen. 1932)

Herter, Hans., 1954. "Priapos." RE 44: 1914-1942.

Herter, Hans.. 1959. "Effeminatus." RAC 4: 620-650.

Housman, A.E. 1930. "Draucus and Martial XI.8.1." CR 44: 114-116.

Housman, A.E. 1931. "Praefanda." Hermes 66: 402-412.

Huelsen, C. 1896. "Miscellanea epigrafica: Tessere lusorie." MDAI(R) 11: 227-257.

Jocelyn, H.D. 1980b. "On Some Unnecessarily Indecent Interpretations of Catullus 2 and 3." AJPh 101: 421-441.

Kennedy, Duncan F. 1993. The Arts of Love: Five Studies in the Discourse of Roman Love Elegy. Cambridge.

Konstan, David. "Love in Terence's Eunuch: The Origins of Erotic Subjectivity." AJPh 107 (1986):369-93.

Konstan, David. 1993. "Sexuality and Power in Juvenal's Second Satire." LCM 18: 12-14.

Kroll, Wilhelm. 1930. "Römische Erotik." In Siems 1988: 70-117. (Originally published in Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualpolitik 17 [1930]: 145-178).

Kroll, Wilhelm. 1921a. "Kinaidos." RE 11: 459-462.

Lambert, Royston, Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous. ( Secaucus NJ, Meadowland Books, 1984)
A study of the love between Hadrian and Antinous, who after his death became the last of the pagan gods.

Lepick, Julie Ann. "The Castrated Text: The Hermaphrodite as Model of Parody in Ovid and Beaumont." Helios 8.1 (1981):71-85.

Lilja, S., Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome, (Helsinki: Commentationes Humanorum Litteratum Societas Scientarum Fennica 74, 1983)

Lilja, Saara. 1982. "Homosexuality in Plautus' Plays." Arctos 16: 57-64.

Lyne, R.O.A.M. , The Latin Love Poets from Catullus to Horace. (Oxford: 1980)

MacMullen, Ramsay. "Roman Attitudes to Greek Love." Historia 31: (1982) 484-502.
Includes a critique of FONT SIZE=3's Christianity, Social Tolerance…

MacMullen, Ramsay. 1991. "Hellenizing the Romans (2nd Century B.C.)." Historia 40: 419-438.

Makowski, John F. 1989. "Nisus and Euryalus: A Platonic Relationship." CJ 85: 1-15.

Marcadé, Jean. 1965. Roma Amor: Essay on Erotic Elements in Etruscan and Roman Art. Geneva.

Martin, R. 1978. "La vie sexuelle des esclaves, d'après les Dialogues rustiques de Varron." In Varron: grammaire antique et stylistique latine - Receuil offert à Jean Collart, pp. 113-126. Paris.

McDermott, William C. 1972. "M. Cicero and M. Tiro." Historia 21: 259-286.

McGann, M.J. 1983. "The Marathus Elegies of Tibullus." ANRW II.30.3: 1976-1999.

McGinn, Thomas A.J. 1989. "The Taxation of Roman Prostitutes." Helios 16: 79-110.

Nadeau, Yvan. 1980. "O passer nequam (Catullus 2,3)." Latomus 39: 879-880.

Nadeau, Yvan. 1984. "Catullus' Sparrow, Martial, Juvenal and Ovid." Latomus 43: 861-868.

Nugent, Georgia. 1990. "This Sex Which Is Not One: De-Constructing Ovid's Hermaphrodite." Differences 2.1: 160-85.

O'Connor, Eugene Michael. 1989. Symbolum Salacitatis: A Study of the God Priapus as a Literary Character. Frankfurt am Main.

Pacion, Stanley J., "The Life of Nero: Sex and the Fall of the Roman Empire", Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality 5 (March, 1971), pp. 171-185

Parker, W.H., ed. and trans., Priapea: Poems for a Phallic God, (London: 1980)

Penella, Robert .J. 1976. "A Note on (de)glubere." Hermes 104: 118-120.

Pichon, R. 1902. De sermone amatorio apud Latinos elegiarum scriptores. Paris.

Rabinowitz, Nancy Sorkin and Amy Richlin, eds. 1993. Feminist Theory and the Classics. New York.

Raditsa, L.F. 1980. "Augustus' Legislation concerning Marriage, Procreation, Love Affairs and Adultery." ANRW II.13: 278-339.

Rawson, Beryl. 1974. "Roman Concubinage and Other De Facto Marriages." TAPA 104: 279-305.

Rawson, Beryl., ed. 1986. The Family in Ancient Rome: New Perspectives. Ithaca.

Rawson, Beryl., ed. 1991. Marriage, Divorce, and Children in Ancient Rome. Canberra and Oxford.

Richardson, T. Wade. "Homosexuality in the Satyricon." C&M 35 (1984):105-27.

Richardson, T. Wade. 1984. "Homosexuality in the Satyricon." C&M 35: 105-127.

Richlin, Amy, "Not Before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the Cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love Between Men", Journal of History of Sexuality 3:4 (1993), 523-573
A significant attack on the Foucault/Halperin/Winkler thesis that "homosexuality" is an irrelevant category for the Roman past. Good up to date bibliography on the issues.

Richlin, Amy. . The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor. Revised edition. (Oxford.: 1992)

Richlin, Amy. 1981b. "Approaches to the Sources on Adultery at Rome." In Reflections of Women in Antiquity, pp. 379-404. Edited by Helene P. Foley. New York.

Richlin, Amy. 1984. "Invective against Women in Roman Satire." Arethusa 17: 67-80.

Richlin, Amy. 1991b. "Zeus and Metis: Foucault, Feminism, Classics." Helios 18.2: 1-21.

Richlin, Amy. 1981a. "The Meaning of irrumare in Catullus and Martial." CPh 76: 40-46.

Rudd, Niall. 1986. Themes in Roman Satire. London.

Scafuro, Adele. 1989. "Livy's Comic Narrative of the Bacchanalia." Helios 16: 119-142.

Segal, Charles. "The Menace of Dionysus: Sex Roles and Reversals in Euripides' Bacchae." Arethusa 11 (1978):185-202.

Selden, Dan. 1992. "Ceveat lector: Catullus and the Rhetoric of Performance" In Hexter and Selden 1992: 461-512.

Skinner, Marilyn B. "Ego Mulier: The Construction of Male Sexuality in Catullus." Helios 20 (1993):107-30.

Skinner, Marilyn. 1989. "Ut decuit cinaediorem: Power, Gender, and Urbanity in Catullus 10." Helios 16: 7-23.

Skinner, Marilyn.. 1993. "Ego Mulier: The Construction of Male Sexuality in Catullus." Helios 20: 107-130.

Sullivan, J.P. 1968. The Satyricon of Petronius: A Literary Study. Bloomington and London.

Sullivan, J.P. 1979. "Martial's Sexual Attitudes." Philologus 123: 288-302.

Sullivan, J.P. 1991. Martial: The Unexpected Classic. A Literary and Historical Study. Cambridge.

Taylor, Rabun. "Two Pathetic Subcultures in Ancient Rome." Journal of the History of Sexuality 7:3 (1997): 319-71.

Tracy, Valerie A. 1976. "Roman Dandies and Transvestites." Echos du monde classique/Classical Views 20: 60-63.

Treggiari, Susan. Roman Marriage: "Iusti Coniuges" from the Time of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. (Oxford. 1991)

Verdière, R. 1985. "L'étrange aventure d'un pupulus." RPh 59: 189-193.

Verstraete, Beert C. 1980. "Slavery and the Social Dynamics of Male Homosexual Relations in Ancient Rome." Journal of Homosexuality 5 (1980): 227-236.

Verstraete, Beert C. 1982. Homosexuality in Ancient Greek and Roman Civilization: A Critical Bibliography with Supplement. Toronto.

Veyne, Paul, "Homosexuality in Ancient Rome", in Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present, ed. Philippe Aries & Andre Bejin, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985; first pub. as Sexualities Occidentales, Paris: Editions du Seuil/Communications, 1982), pp 26-35

Veyne, Paul, 1988. Roman Erotic Elegy: Love, Poetry, and the West. Translated by David Pellauer. Chicago.

Veyne, Paul. 1978. "La famille et l'amour sous le Haut-Empire romain." Annales (E.S.C.) 33: 35-63.

Waters, Sarah. "`The Most Famous Fairy in History': Antinous and Homosexual Fantasy." Journal of the History of Sexuality 6:2 (1995): 194-230.

Williams, Craig A.. "Greek Love at Rome." Classical Quarterly 45 (1995), 517-539.

Williams, Craig, Yale Dissertation on Homosexuality in Ancient Rome .

Williams, Craig Arthur.  Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Williams, Gordon. 1958. "Some Aspects of Roman Marriage Ceremonies and Ideals." Journal of Roman Studies 48: 16-29.

Williams, Gordon. 1962. "Poetry in the Moral Climate of Augustan Rome." Journal of Roman Studies 52: 28-46.

Winter, Thomas Nelson. 1973. "Catullus Purified: A Brief History of Carmen 16." Arethusa 6: 257-265.

Wiseman, T.P. 1969. Catullan Questions. Leicester.

Wiseman, T.P. 1976. "Catullus 16." LCM 1: 14-17.

Wiseman, T.P.. 1985. Catullus and His World: A Reappraisal. Cambridge.

Wooten, Cecil. 1984. "Petronius and 'Camp.'" Helios n.s. 11: 133-139.

Wyke, Maria. 1989. "Mistress and Metaphor in Augustan Elegy." Helios 16: 25-48.

IV: The Middle Ages

A: Sources

Alan of Lille, The Plaint of Nature (De Planctu Naturae), trans. James J. Sheridan, (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Medieaval Studies, 1980): see an older translation of The Plaint of Nature, [At Medieval Sourcebook]

Bachelor Jr. E., Homosexuality and Ethics, (New York: Pilgrim Press, 1980)
Excerpts from authors from Plato to modern times on ethical issues

Baudri de Bourgueil, Les Oeuvres poetiques de Baudri de Bourgueil, ed. Phyllis Abrahams, (Paris: Librarie Ancienne Honore Champion, 1926) (repr; Geneva, Slatkine Reprints, 1974)

St. Bernadino of Siena, Le prediche volgari, ed. Piero Bargellini, (Milan: Rizzoli, 1936)
Included two visicious vernacular anti-homosexual sermons by this 15th century saint, #35 (795-97), and #39 (893-919). Other references in his Latin works, sermons 11 and 15 in Opera Omnia, (Florence: 1950)

Bieler, Ludwig, The Irish Penitentials, (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1963)
Includes Latin text. Homosexuality pp. 66-67. Does not translate parts he seems to consider vulgar.

Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, trans. John A. Carlyle, Thomas Okey & P.H. Wicksteed, (New York: Random House, 1950; original publication details not given)
Inferno Cantos xi, xiv, xv, and Purgatorio xxvi all possibly deal with sodomy.

Francis, W.Nelson, ed., The Book of Vices and Virtues, Early English Text Society Vol 217, (London: Oxford UP, 1942)
Edited from 3 extant texts of the French of Lorens d'Orleans Somme Le Roi - a vernacular penitential. Homosexuality p.43)

Goodich, Michael, The Unmentionable Vice: Homosexuality in the Late Medieval Period, (Santa Barbara, Ca.: ABC-Clio, 1979)
Includes a 30-page translation/extract from inquisition records of Jacques Fournier in the 13th century.

Mansi, J.D.: Sacrum Conciliorum Nova et Amplissima Collectio, (Florence & Venice: 1759-1798)

Peter Damian, Liber Gomorrhanius in MPL 145, cols. 159­190, and as Book of Gomorrah: An Eleventh Century Treatise Against Clerical Homosexual Practice, trans. Pierre J. Payer, (Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1982)
One of the strongest attacks in the middle ages on homosexuality. The only surviving one it seems.

Stehling, Thomas, trans., Medieval Latin Poems of Male Love and Friendship, (New York: Garland, 1984)
Gay medieval literature from the Roman Empire to 1300. Alcuin, Ausonius, Luxorius, Abelard, Baudri or Bourgueil, Hilderbert of Lauardin.

McNeill, John & Helena Gamer, Medieval Handbooks of Penance: A Translation of the Principal "libri poenitentatles" and Selections from Related Documents, (New York: Columbia UP, 1938)
Does not give Latin texts.

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, (New York & London: Blackfriars with McGraw-Hill & Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1968)
On sodomy 2.2.154.12. Aquinas rates it worse than fornication, incest or rape, but better than bestiality.

B: Commentaries and Articles on the Above and Other Source Material

a) General

Alford, John A., "The Grammatical Metaphor: A Survey of its Use in the Middle Age", Speculum 57 (1982), 728-60

Baldwin, John W., The Language of Sex: Five Voices from Northern France around 1200, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994)

Birkhan, Helmut, "Qu'est-ce qui est preferable de l'heterosexualite ou de l'homosexualite? Le temoignage d'un poeme latin" in Amour, mariage et transgressions au moyen age: Actes du Colloque des 24-27 Mars 1983, ed. Danielle Buschinger & Andre Crespin, Universite de Picardie, Centre d'Etudes Medievales, (Goppingen: Kummerle Verlag, 1984)

Blum, O.J., St. Peter Damien: His Teaching on Spiritual Life, (Washington, D.C.:1947)

Bond, Gerald A., "`Locus Amoris': The Poetry of Baudri of Bourgueil and the Formation of the Ovidian Subculture", Traditio 47 (1986), pp. 143-193

Cadden, Joan, "It Takes All Kinds: Sexuality and Gender Differences in Hildegard of Bingen's `Book of Compound Medicine", Traditio 40 (1984), pp. 149-174

Curtius, E.R., European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, trans. Willard R. Trask, Bollingen Series 36, (New York: Pantheon, 1953)
pp. 115 ff. on homosexuality

Daichman, G.S., Wayward Nuns in Medieval Literature, (Syracuse NY: 1986)

Forsyth, Ilene, "The Ganymede Capital at Vezelay", Gesta: International Center of Medieval Art 15:1-2 (1976), pp. 241-246

Green, Richard Hamilton, "Alan of Lille's De planctu Naturae", Speculum 31 (1956), 649-74

Harley M.P., "Narcissus, Hermaphroditus, and Attis: Ovidian Lovers at the Fontaine d'Amours in Guillaume de Lorris's Roman de la Rose", PMLA 101 (1986), pp. 324-337

Herman, Gerald, "The "Sin against Nature" and its Echos in Medieval French Literature", Annuale Medievale 17 (1976), pp. 70-87

Laeuchli, Samuel, Power and Sexuality: The Emergence of Canon Law at the Synod of Elvira, (Philadelphia: 1972)

Latzke, Theresa, "Die Ganymed-Epstein des Hilerius", Mittelateinisches Jahrbuch 18 (1983), pp. 131-159

Lepage, Yvan G., "Francois Villon et l'homosexualite", Le Moyen Age 92:1 (1986), pp. 69-89

Levy, R., "L'Allusion a la Sodomie dans Eneas", Philological Quarterly 27 (1948)
Looks at allusions to sodomy in a twelfth century romance.

McEvoy, James, "Notes on the Prologue of St. Aelred of Rievaulx's `De Spirituali Amacita', with a Translation", Traditio 37 (1981), pp. 149-174

Newall, V., "Folklore and Male Homosexuality", Folklore 97:2 (1986), pp. 123-147

Payer, Pierre J., Sex and the Penitentials: Formation of a Sexual Code 550-1150, (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1984)

Sawyer, Erin. "Celibate Pleasures: Masculinity, Desire, and Asceticism in Augustine." Journal of the History of Sexuality 6:1 (1995): 1-29.

Wetherbee, Winthrop, "The Function of Poetry in `De Planctu Naturae" of Alain de Lille", Traditio 25 (1969), 86-125
Unsympathetic to homosexuality. See pp. 102-105

Ziolkowski, Jan, Alan of Lille's Grammar of Sex: The Meaning of Gramma to a Twelfth Century Intellectual, Speculum Anniversary Monographs 10, (Cambridge, Mass.: Medieval Academy of America, 1985) [review, Speculum 63 (1988), p. 1015.]
Alan discussed homosexuality using a metaphor of bad grammar.

b) Chaucer

Field, P.J.C., "Chaucer's Merchant and the Sin Against Nature", Notes and Queries March 1970, p. 84

Frese, Delores Warwick, "The Homoerotic Underside in Chaucer's Miller's Tale and Reeve's Tale", Michigan Academician 10:2 (1977), pp. 143-150

Karlen, Arno, "The Homosexual Heresy", Chaucer Review 6:1 (1971), pp. 44-63

McAlpine, M.E., "Pardoner's Homosexuality and How it Matters", PMLA 95 (1980), pp. 8-22

Schweitzer, Edward, "Chaucer's Pardoner and the Hare", English Language Notes 4:4 (1967), 247-50

c) Dante

Armour, Peter, "Dante's Brunetto: the Paternal Paterine", Italian Studies 38 (1983), pp. 1-38
argues sin of Brunetto was heresy not sodomy

Kay, Richard, "The Sin of Brunetto Latini", Medieval Studies 31 (1969), pp. 262-286

Kay, Richard, "Dante's Unnatural Lawyer: Fancesco D"accusro in Inferno XV", Studia Gratiana 15 (1972), pp. 149-200
Suggests Inferno XV is not about sodomy, but other forms of "unnaturalness". This would mean Dante put no one in hell for sodomy.

Mussetter, Sally, "`Ritornare a lo suo principio': Dante and the Sin of Brunetto Latini", Philological Quarterly 63:4 (1984), pp. 431-448

Pezard, Andre, Dante sous la pluie de feu, (Paris: Librarie philosophique J. Vien, 1950)

Radcliff-Umstead, Douglas, "Erotic Sin in the Divine Comedy", in Human Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, ed. D. Radcliff-Umstead, (Pittsburgh: Univ. of Pittsburgh Publications on the Middle Ages and Renaissance, 1978), pp. 41-96

Symonds, John Addington, "The Dantesque and Platonic Ideals of Love", (excerpts) in Hidden Heritage: History and the Gay Imagination: An Anthology, ed. Byrne R.S. Fone, (New York: Avocation Publishers, 1980)

Verschuer, U.F. von, "Die Homosexuelle in Dante's Gottlicher Komodie", Jahrbuch fur Sexuelle Zwischenstufen 7 (1906), pp. 353-363

d) The Issue of "Friendship"

The Issue of how "friendship" is to be understood in ancient and medieval sources is a major one. The relationships denoted by words such as "philia" and "amicitia" have little do with the casual acquaintance which passes for "friendship" in the modern world (where people can talk of having "hundreds of friends"). The classical and medieval discussions of friendship, ofetn picking up on Aristotle's notion of "one soul in two bodies" refer to, at the very least, intense non-bloodkin based, relationships between equals. Such relationships were not, or not meant to be, sexual. Some commentators thus exclude this tradition from the history of homosexuality, preferring to see "homosexuality" as referring to predominantly sexual relationships. Others argue that in understanding the modern "construction" of "homosexual" identity, which is not merely a matter of sexual activity or attraction, the history of "friendship" is vastly significant.

Bray, Alan, "Homosexuality and the Signs of Male Friendship", History Workshop Journal 29 (1990)

Carpenter, Edward. ed., Iolaus - anthology of friendship (London, Swan Sonnenschein/Manchester, S. Clarke, Second edition, 1906. pp. vi. 234. Third Edition 1927) [New York: Mitchell Kennerly, 1917, reprinted, New York: Pagan Press, 1982] (US version available online)

Den Boer W., Eros en Amor. Man en vrouw in Griechenland en Rome, (The Hague: 1962),

Fiske, Adelle, "Alcuin and Mystical Friendship", Studii Medievali series 2, 3 (1961), pp. 551-575

Fiske, Adelle, Friends and Friendship in the Monastic Tradition, (Cuernavaca: 1970)

Fitzgerald, John T., Greco-Roman Perspectives on Friendship. (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997)

Gold, Penny Shine, "The Language of cross-sex friendship in The Life of Christine of Marykate", unpublished paper presented to the Midwest Medieval Conference 12 Oct 1984

Gleckner, Robert F.Gray agonistes : Thomas Gray and masculine friendship¸(Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997)

Hafkamp, Hans, Naar vriendshap zulk een mateloos verlangen - bloemlezing uit de Nethelandse homo-erotische poezie, 1880-nu., (Amsterdam, Bert Bakker, 1979)

Halverson, John, "Amour and Eros in the Middle Ages", The Psychoanalytic Review 57 (1970), pp. 245-262

Heckel, Waldemar, "The `Boyhood Friends' of Alexander the Great", Emerita 53:2 (1985), pp. 285-289

Jaeger, Stephen, Enobling Love, forthcoming
Will be a major work - denies homoeroticism of "frienship" texts.

Karras, Ruth M. "Friendship and Love in the lives of two twelfth- century English saints", Journal of Medieval History 14:4 (1988), 305-320
Aelred of Rievaulx and Christina of Markyate

Kupffer, Elisar von, ed.,, Lieblingsminne und Freundesliebe in der Welt-literature, (Berlin, Adolf Brand, 1900)

Konstan, David, Friendship in the Classical World, (Cambridge: CUP, 1997)
An excellent bibliography.

Kroll, Wilhelm... Freundschaft und Knabenliebe. (Munich, 1927.)

Leclerq, Jean, "L'Amitié dans les lettres au moyen age", Revue du moyen age latin 1 (1945), pp. 391-410

Leclerq, Jean, Monks and Love in 12th Century France: Psychohistorical Essays, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979) {Reviewed: AHR (1982), p.377}

McGuire, B., "Love, Friendship and Sex in the 11th Century: The Experience of Anselm", Studia Theologia 28 (1974), pp. 111-155
Looks at spiritual/erotic affections. Finds Anselm unobsessed with male sexuality.

McGuire, B., "Love, Friendship and Sex in the 11th Century: The Experience of Anselm", Studia Theologia 28 (1974), pp. 11-32
Looks at spiritual/erotic affections. Finds Anselm unobsessed with male sexuality.

McGuire, Brian P., "Looking Back on Friendship: Medieval Experience and Modern Context", Cistercian Studies 21:2 (1986), pp. 123-142

McGuire, Brian P., "Monastic Friendship and Toleration in Twelfth Century Cistercian Life", in W. J. Shiels., ed., Monks, Hermits and the Ascetic Tradition, Studies in Church History 22, (London: 1985), 147-160

McGuire, Brian Patrick, Friendship and Community: The Monastic Experience, 350-1250, (Kalamazoo MI: Cistercian Pubs., 1988).

McGuire, Brian P, Brother and Lover: Aelred of Rievaulx, (New York: Crossroad, 1994)
Finally McGuire comes out and says that, from a modern perspective, it is appropriate to say Aelred was "gay" (p.142). Interesting biography and context of Aelred's life, plus recent historigraphy are all discussed. There is an interesting chapter on the modern appeal and cult of Aelred. McGuire has come under intense attack from some conservative Catholic voices fro this book.

Mullet, Margaret, "Byzantium: A Friendly Society?", Past and Present 118 (1988), pp. 3-23
p. 11 on homosexuality. This is an important article: in discussions of the adelphopoiia rites highlighte by John Boswell, there have been many assertions that such rites celebrate "friendship". As Mullet shows, that is a problematic concept in Byzantium.

Stehling, Thomas, trans., Medieval Latin Poems of Male Love and Friendship, (New York: Garland, 1984)
Gay medieval literature from the Roman Empire to 1300. Alcuin, Ausonius, Luxorius, Abelard, Baudri or Bourgueil, Hilderbert of Lauardin.

Sutherland, Alistair. and Anderson, Patrick. eds., Eros - an anthology of male friendship, (London: Blond, 1961)
Takes a chronological approach. No index or sources

White, Caroline, Christian Friendship in the Fourth Century, (Cambridge: CUP, 1992)
Scope goes beyond its title.

Woldring, Henk: Vriendschap door de eeuwen heen, (Ambo/Baarn, 1994).
Another good bibliography. You need to read Dutch, of course.

C: History of Sexuality & Homosexuality

Barber, Malcolm, The Trial of the Templars, (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1978)

Beidler, Peter G. Masculinities in Chaucer : approaches to maleness in the Canterbury tales and Troilus and Criseyde Cambridge ; Rochester, NY, USA : D.S. Brewer, 1998.

Bennett, Judith, and Froide, Single Women in the European Past, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998?

Benson, J., "Clio and Venus: An Historical View of Courtly Love". in Francis Xavier Newman, ed., The Meaning of Courtly Love, (Albany NY:, 1969), 19-42

Beriac, F., "La Persecution des Lepreux dans la France Meridionale", Le Moyen Age 93:2 (1987), pp. 203-222
Discusses collective aggresiveness against the `other'.

Biddick, Kathleen. The shock of medievalism. Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 1998.

Biller, P.A., "Birth Control, the Medieval West", Past and Present 94 (1982), pp. 3-26

Bitel, Lisa M. "`Conceived in Sins, Born in Delights': Stories of Procreation from Early Ireland." Journal of the History of Sexuality 3:2 (1992): 181- 202.

Brooke, Christopher, The Medieval Idea of Marriage, (New York: Oxford UP, 1989)

Brown, Judith, "Lesbian Sexuality in Medieval and Early Modern Europe" in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989), 67-75

Brucker, Gene, Giovanni and Lusanna: Love and Marriage in Renaissance Florence, (Berkeley & Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press, 1986)
Author calls this microhistory. It is the account of a 1455 law case on the clandestine marriage of a nobleman and poorer woman. It shows the sort of evidence available in court records for sexual history.

Brundage, James, "Let Me Count the Ways: Canonists and Theologians Contemplate Coital Positions", Journal of Medieval History 10:2 (1984), pp. 81-93

Brundage, James, "Politics of Sodomy", (forthcoming, promised in his Law, Sex p. 473, n.288)

Bullough, Vern L. and James A. Brundage. Handbook of medieval sexuality. New York : Garland Pub., 1996.

Burgwinkle, William E. Love for sale : materialist readings of the troubadour razo corpus . New York : Garland Pub., 1997.

Camille, Michael, The Medieval Art of Love, pub?: H. Abrams, 1998
-Great, and somewhat unexpected, illustrations

Cadden, Joan, "Medieval Scientific and Medical Views of Sexuality: Questions of Propriety", Medeavilia et Humanistica 14 (1986), pp. 157-171

Clark, Elizabeth A. "Antifamilial Tendencies in Ancient Christianity." Journal of the History of Sexuality 5:3 (1995): 356-80.

Cleugh, James, Love Locked Out: An Examination of Sexuality during the Middle Ages, (New York: Crown, 1963)

Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome and Bonnie Wheeler. Eds. Becoming Male in the Middle Ages. New York : Garland Pub., 1997.

Covey, Herbert C, "Perceptions and Attitudes toward Sexuality of the Elderly during the Middle Ages", Gerontologist Feb 1989; 29:1 p. 93-100
Abstract from electronic database :The proposals that thoughts on the ages of life excluded the elderly from having normal sex lives and that the church of the Middle Ages defined sexual behavior by the elderly as immoral are examined.

Espejo Muriel, Carlos. El deseo negado : aspectos de la problematica homosexual en la vida monastica (siglos III-VI d.C.), (Granada: Universidad de Granada, 1991)

Derouet-Besson, Marie-Claude, "`Inter dous scopulas' Hypothese sur la place de la sexualite dans les models de la representations du monde du XI siecle", Annales 36:5 (1981), pp. 922-945

Dinzebacher, P., "Pour un histoire de l'amour au Moyen Age", Moyen Age 93:2 (1987(, pp. 223-240

Epstein, L.M., Sex Laws and Customs in Judaism, (New York: 1967)

Flandrin, J.L., "Contraception, Mariage et Relations Amoureuses dans l'Occident Chretien", Annales ESC 56 (1969), pp. 1370-1390

Flandrin, J.L., "Marriage tardif et vie sexualle: Discussions et hypotheses de recherche", Annales ESC 59 (1972), pp. 131­178

Flandrin, J.L., "Repression and Change in the Sexual Life of Young People in Medieval and Early Modern Times", Journal of Family History 2 (1977)
Did young people masturbate?

Fradenburg, Louise, and Carla Freccero, eds. The Pleasures of History: Reading Premodern Sexualities, (New York: Routledge, 1996)

Gilmour-Bryon, Anne. "Sodomy and the Knights Templar." Journal of the History of Sexuality 7:2 (1996): 151-183.

Goodich, Michael, The Unmentionable Vice: Homosexuality in the Late Medieval Period, (Santa Barbara, Ca.: ABC-Clio, 1979)
Much criticised book that attempts an overview. It actually does quite a good job, and has an extensive bibliography and a 30-page translation/extract from inquisition records of Jacques Fournier in the 13th century. {Reviews - AHR 1980, p.375; Speculum (1980), pp. 121-122; Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (2 separate reviews)}

Gold, Barbara K., Paul Allen Miller, and Charles Platter. Eds. Sex and gender in medieval and Renaissance texts : the Latin tradition Albany: State University of New York Press, c1997.

Goodich, Michael. "Sexuality, Family, and the Supernatural in the Fourteenth Century." Journal of the History of Sexuality 4:4 (1994): 493-516.

Harrison, Nonna Verna, The Feminine Man in Late Antique Ascetic Piety, [At Columbia U]

Hernandez, Lodovico (pseud. of Fernand Fleuret & Louis Perceau), Les Proces de Sodomie aux XVe, XVIe et XVIIe Siecle, (Paris: 1920)

Jeay, Madeleine, "Sur quelque coutumes sexuelles du moyen age", in L'Erotisme au Moyen Age: Etudes presentees au IIe Colloque de l'Institut d"Etudes Medievales, 3-4 Avril 1976, ed. Roy, Bruno, (Montreal: Ed. Aurore, 1977)

Karras, Ruth Mazo. "Holy Harlots: Prostitute Saints in Medieval Legend." Journal of the History of Sexuality 1:1 (1990): 3-32.

Karras, Ruth Mazo, and David L. Boyd), "Ut cum muliere: A Male Transvestite Prostitute in Medieval London,", in The Pleasures of History: Reading Premodern Sexualities, eds. Louise Fradenburg and Carla Freccero, (New York: Routledge, 1996)

Karras, Ruth Mazo. Common women : prostitution and sexuality in Medieval England, New York : Oxford University Press, 1996.

Keiser, Elizabeth B. Courtly desire and medieval homophobia : the legitimation of sexual pleasure in cleanness and its contexts. New Haven: Yale University Press, c1997.

Kuster, Harvey J., "Gelijkgeslachtelijke liefde in de middeleeuwen", Spiegel Historiael 10 (1975), pp 232-237

Kuster, Harvey J., "L'Amour physique unisexuel au moyen age", Arcadie, (Paris: 1976), pp. 665-670

Kuster, Harvey J., "Homoerotik in de middeleewse poezia", Maatstaf 24 (1976), pp. 40-48

Kuster, Harvey J., Over Homoseksualiteit in Middeleeuws West-Europa, (Utrecht: Univ. of Utrecht Dissertation, 1977)

Kuster, Harvey J., "Homoseksualiteit in de middeleeuwen", Huisarts en Praktijk, (Utrecht: 1980), pp. 13-16

Kuster, Harvey & Raymond J. Cormier, "Old Views and New Trends: Observations on the Problem of Homosexuality in the Middle Ages", Studii Medievali 25:2 (1985)
Overview of recent work, based on Boswell and Kuster's dissertation.

Lea, H.C., History of Sacerdotal Celibacy in the Christian Church 3rd ed., (London: 1907)

Lees, Clare A., ed, with the assistance of Thelma Fenster and Jo Ann McNamara. Medieval masculinities : regarding men in the Middle Ages. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, c1994.

Legman, Gershon, The Guilt of the Templars, (New York: Basic Books, 1966)
Argues the Templars were a homosexual warrior order, that their seal indicates pederasty, and that homosexual rape was part of the intuition. All open to question.

Lemay, Helen Rodnite, "Human Sexuality in Twelfth- through Fifteenth-Century Scientific Writing", in Vern L. Bullough & James Brundage, Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church, New Concepts in Human Sexuality Series, (Prometheus Books, 1982)
Discusses scientific writing on homosexuality on pp. 194-197. She can only find two short discussions, by William of Saliceto and Michael Scot.

Lentzen-Bonn, R., "Altercatio Ganimedis en Helene", Mittelateinisches Jahrbuch 8 (1972), pp 161-187

Lochrie, Karma, Peggy McCracken, and James A. Schultz. eds. Constructing medieval sexuality. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.

Moore, R.I., The Formation of a Persecuting Society, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987)
Briefly discusses homosexuality, but sets it in the wider context of Jews, lepers, heretics and other persecuted groups.

Murray, Jacqueline, and Konrad Eisenbichler. Eds. Desire and discipline : sex and sexuality in the premodern West. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1996.

Murray, Stephen & Kent Gerard, "Renaissance Sodomite Subcultures?", in Among Men, Among Women: Sociological and Historical Recognition of Homosocial Arrangements, (Amsterdam: 1983)

Nederman, Cary J., and Jacqui True. "The Third Sex: The Idea of the Hemaphrodite in Twelfth-Century Europe." Journal of the History of Sexuality 6:4 (1996): 497-517.

Noordam, D. J., .Riskante relaties : vijf eeuwen homoseksualiteit in Nederland, 1233-1733, (Hilversum : Verloren, 1995)

Norton, Rictor, "Ganymede in Renaissance Literature", Gay Sunshine 19 (Fall, 1973), p. 16

Richards, Jeffrey, Sex, Dissidence and Damnation: Minority Groups in the Middle Ages, (New York: Routledge, 1995)

Roby, D., "Early Medieval Attitudes toward Homosexuality", Gai Saber 1 (1977), pp. 67-71

Rosner, Fred, Medicine in the Mishneh Torah of Maimonides, (New York: Ktav, 1984)

Roy, Bruno, ed., L'Erotisme au Moyen Age: Etudes presentees au IIe Colloque de l'Institut d"Etudes Medievales, 3-4 Avril 1976, (Montreal: Ed. Aurore, 1977)

Ruggiero, Guido, The Boundaries of Eros: Sex, Crime and Sexuality in Renaissance Venice, (New York: Oxford UP, 1985)
See pp 109-45 on sodomy.

Saslow, James M., Ganymede in the Renaissance: Homosexuality in Art and Society. (New Haven: Yale UP, 1986)

Reviews
Source 6:3 (1987), pp. 34-35;
Art Bulletin 69:4 (1987), pp. 653-57;
AHR 93:1 (1988), p.185}
Hope, Charles, "Jupiter's Boy", New York Review of Books May 29, 1986; 33:9 p. 7-10

Saslow, James. M, "Homosexuality in the Renaissance: Behavior, Identity, Artistic Expression" in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989), 67-75

Cassio, A.C., "Post Classical Lesbiai", Classical Quarterly 33:1 (1983), 90-105

Schwartz, Jerome, "Aspects of Androgny in the Renaissance", in Human Sexuality in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, ed. D. Radcliff-Umstead, (Pittsburgh, Univ. of Pittsburgh Publications on the Middle Ages and Renaissance, 1978), pp. 121-131

Small, R.C., "Is it True about the Templars", New York Review of Books 8, (Feb 23, 1967), pp. 14-15

Spreitzer, Brigitte, Die stumme Sunde : Homosexualitat im Mittelalter : mit einem Textanhang, (Goppingen : Kummerle, 1988)

Stehling, Thomas, "To Love a Medieval Boy", Journal of Homosexuality 8 (1983), pp. 151-170

Stiller, Richard, "The Homosexual Crusader's The Templars ", Sexology 34 (Dec, 1967), pp. 305-307

Townsend, David and Andrew Taylor. Eds. The tongue of the fathers : gender and ideology in the twelfth-century Latin. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.

Weeks, Jeffrey, "In days of yore when knights were gay?", History Today 30 (July, 1980), p. 49

D: Christian Attitudes to Homosexuality

Bailey, Derrick S., Sexual Relations in Christian Thought, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954)

Bailey, Derrick S., Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition, (London: Longmans, Green, 1955;repr. Hamden, Ct.: Archon/Shoestring Press, 1975)
Absolutely standard work by Anglican priest. No bibliography but text gives best overview of Church and secular legislation

Bailey, Derrick S., "Homosexuality and Christian Morals", in J. Tudor Rees & H.V. Usill They Stand Apart: A Critical Study of the Problems of Homosexuality, (London: Heinemann, 1955), pp. 36-63

Barber, Malcom, The Trial of the Templars, (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1978)
Says sodomy Charges of 1308 are unproven. Use of "sodomy charges in late medieval politics examined.

Bleibtrau-Ehrenbergm Gisela, Tabu Homosexualitaet: die Geschicte enies Vorurteils, (Frankfort am Main: S. Fischer, 1978)
Stresses German history of anti-homosexuality from earliest times.

Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, Gisela, Der Weibmann : kultischer Geschlechtswechsel im Schamanismus : eine Studie zur Transvestition und Transsexualitat bei Naturvolkern, (Frankfurt am Main : Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1984)

Bloch, Iwan, "Die Homosexualitaet in Koeln am Ender des 15, Jahrhunderts", JFZ 1 (1908), 528-35
Sodomite sub-culture n 15th century Cologne.

Bond, Gerald, "`locus Amoris': The Poetry of Baudri of Bougueil and the Formation of the Ovidian Subculture", Traditio 42 (1986)m 143-93
Sees the subculture as not-homosexual and criticizes Boswell

Boswell, John, Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980)
STILL single most important work by a serious scholar. Proposes that homosexuals were accepted before the 13th century, and then intolerance sets in. Criticised by gay radicals for letting the Church off the hook. Boswell rejects idea that homosexual subcultures are a recent development. Nevertheless, at this stage virtually all of Boswell's specific conclusions have been called into question. Students of the period must look at later scholarly publications.

Reviews of John Boswell's works [replaces list previously here.]

Boswell, John, "The Origins of Christian Intolerance of Homosexuality", (in Spanish), Cuadernos del Norte 8:44 (1987), pp. 18-23

Boswell, John, Rediscovering Gay History : Archetypes of Gay Love in Christian History, (London : Gay Christian Movement, 1982)
Early presentation of the themes later developed in Same Sex Unions.

Boswell, John, "Revolutions, Universals, Categories", Salmagundi 58-59 (Fall1982-Winter 1983), 89-113
reprinted, and more easily accessible in, Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and Ceorge Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989, 17-36)
Boswell's extended discussion of the method and theory behind his researches and interpretations.

Boswell, John, interview by Lawrence Mass, "Sexual Categories, Sexual Universals: An INterview with John Boswell", Christopher Street 151 (1990), 23-40
Boswell discusses with Mass the implications and controversies over his work.

Boswell, John., "Battle-worn.", The New Republic v. 208 (May 10 '93) p. 15+
ABSTRACT: In ancient times, homosexuality had a hallowed relationship to democracy and military valor, even though modern military officials tend to find this improbable or even unbelievable. Many persons who might now be considered "gay" played prominent roles in the military, and some observers of the times argued that gay men would make ideal soldiers because they would wish to behave admirably while those they loved were present. In 378 B. C., the Theban leader Gorgidas created a company of 300 men, known as the "sacred band" of Thebes, composed of pairs of lovers; according to Plutarch. The troop played a crucial role in many military engagements and was never beaten until the battle of Chaeronea in 338

Boswell, John, Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe, (New York: Villard, 1994)
A groundbreaking study of the "Adelphopoiia" liturgy, which Boswell argues, was for centuries used as a public liturgy to celebrate erotic relationships between people of the same sex.

Reviews of John Boswell's works [replaces list previously here.]

Brooten, Bernardette J, Love Between Women: Early Christian Respones to Female Homoeroticism, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996)
The most important book on the classical and early Christian history of Lesbianism. She attacks the idea that there was no general idea of "homosexuality" in these periods.

Brown, Peter R. L., Augustine of Hippo : a biography, (London: Faber; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967)

Brown, Peter, The Body and Society: Men Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity, (New York: Columbia UP, 1988)
Important book by the foremost scholar of late antiquity on the emergence of Christian sexual ethics and thought about the body. Vital.

Brown Peter., Le renoncement à la chair. Virginité, célibat et continence dans le christianisme primitif, Paris, 1995) French trans of above item. The title indicates content more than the English version.

Brundage, James, "Let Me Count the Ways: Canonists and Theologians Contemplate Coital Positions", Journal of Medieval History 10:2 (1984), pp. 81-93

Brundage, James, Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe, (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1987)
Now the standard work on the subject.

Bullough, Vern L. & James Brundage, Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church, (New Concepts in Human Sexuality Series) (Prometheus Books, 1982)
Brundage is a major canon lawyer. Uses quantative methods that are hair-raising at times

Bullough, Vern L., "Byzantium and Eastern Orthodox Christianity", in Sexual Variance in Society and History, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976. pp, 317-346

Bullough, Vern, "Transvestites in the Middle Ages", American Journal of Sociology, 79 (1974), 1381-94
Stresses female saints. reprinted in his Sexual Practices.

Castelli, Elizabeth, "`I Will Make Mary Male': Pieties of the Body and Gender: Transformation of Christian Women in Late Antiquity", in Julia Epstein and Kristina Straub, eds. , Body Guards: The Cultural politics of Gender Ambiguity, (New York: Routledge, 1991), 29-39

Cleugh, James, Love Locked Out: A Survey of Love, License, and Restriction in the Middle Ages, (London: Anthony Blond, 1963)

Coleman, Peter, Christian Attitudes to Homosexuality, (London: SPCK, 1980)

Compton, Thomas, "Sodomy and Civil Doom: The History of an Unchristian Tradition", Vector (Nov, 1975), pp. 23-27, 57-58
Looks at Christian hostility in OT, NT, the Fathers, Justinian, Charlemagne and Church Councils

Daniel, Marc, 'Was St. Thomas a Becket a Homosexual?", Homophile Studies: ONE Institute Quarterly, 19 (1963), 68-71
Discusses play by Jean Anouilh which portaryed Becket and Henry II as gay. Concludes that there is not sufficient evidence.

Dynes, Wayne, "Christianity and the Politics of Sex", in Warren Johansson et al., Homosexuality, Intolerance and Christianity, A Critical Examination, (New York: Scholarship Committee, Gay Academic Union, 1981)
Less obessively anti-Christian than his colleagues in this collection of attacks on Boswell.. Clearly defines, apparently for all gay people, Christianity as "our enemy".

Eekhoud, Georges, "Saint Sebastien dans la peinture", Akdemos 1 (Feb 15 1909), 171-75

Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard, "People of the Body: The Prob