Philosophy Department

Stoics and Skeptics (PHLU 3504)

Brian Johnson
 

During the past fifty years, the study of philosophy from the Hellenistic era (after Aristotle and before Augustine) has undergone an exciting revival. In light of this revival, we shall examine some of the major philosophies of the Hellenistic period. In particular, we will study the Stoics, who believed that nature was permeated by a 'cosmic fire' that composed the mind of God and in cosmic determinism. The true ethical master, they said, followed nature and purged all passions. We will read Epictetus, a Stoic slave who was studied by a Roman Emperor in search of wisdom about life. In addition, we will learn about the Cynics (or "Dog Philosophers") who rejected convention and made a radical call for a return to a more natural ethics. We will examine Pyrrhonian Skeptics, who were so full of doubt that some worried the Pyrrhonists would walk off of cliffs. Finally, we will examine the Epicureans, a group of philosophers who advocated a life of pleasure and who were whispered to be atheists. And yet, ironically, they believed that the most pleasurable life is one of simplicity and tranquility. This course counts for the Ancient Philosophy area within the major.