Notes for Contributors
In light of the specialized and
often highly detailed nature of the articles that appear in Traditio, the editors need careful
cooperation from contributors in the preparation of manuscripts. It is in the
interest of both authors and editors that manuscripts be as stylistically
consistent and error-free as possible. Each author is responsible for the
accuracy of the whole text, including all dates and citations, which should be
verified before the final manuscript is submitted.
Usually during June and July, the
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but not page proofs of their articles. The editors regret the necessity
of charging authors for excessive corrections or additions in the
proofs. Each author will receive one complimentary copy of the
volume. Offprints may be ordered at the page proof stage in sets
of twenty-five; the price is determined by the length of the article.
The chief guidelines for contributors are explained below.
Authors should follow first these Notes for Contributors. If
further clarification is needed, they should consult the Chicago Manual of
Style. Neither these notes nor the Chicago Manual can address all stylistic
requirements across disciplines; some variation is to be expected because
of the demands of the subject area and
the particular study. In perplexing
cases, authors should consult the managing editor.
Presentation of
the Manuscript
Text
and Program.
All contributions must be typewritten or printed out, double spaced
with ample margins; pages should be numbered. Notes, too, should
be double spaced. Once an article is accepted, authors should
send a copy on disk as well as a hard copy. Please specify the
operating system and program used. Microsoft Word for Windows is
preferred; Word Perfect is acceptable. Please consult the
managing editor on other systems.
Formatting.
Authors should avoid using any display type, such as boldface or larger
fonts, except for italics to indicate words that should be italicized
in the printed version. Use size 12 type (10 point on a
typewriter) consistently, both for text and for notes. Automatic
hyphenation should be turned off, and the text should be printed with
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unjustified.
Subheadings. It is often useful to employ subheadings and
sub-subheadings within an article. The
preference at Traditio
is to print subheadings in caps and small caps, centered, and
sub-subheadings in italics, flush left; the staff will format
them. A third level of subheadings should be avoided, if
possible. Numbering subheadings and sub-subheadings is usually
superfluous, but if they must be numbered, then arabic numbers (1, 2,
3) should be used for subheadings and lowercase latin letters (a, b, c)
for sub-subheadings, with only a period after the number or letter.
English
Spelling and Style. For articles in
English Traditio uses U.S.
spelling and conventions of punctuation. The dictionary used for reference at Traditio is The American Heritage
Dictionary of the English Language, 3d ed. Manuscripts submitted with British spelling and punctuation will be
changed accordingly. Traditio
uses a comma before the conjunction in a series: Tom, Dick, and Harry;
not Tom, Dick and Harry. Unnecessary hyphens should be avoided;
see Chicago Manual, table 6.1. Traditio prints m-dashes — which should be used sparingly — with a space before and
after. An m-dash may be indicated by
two consecutive hyphens.
Notes. Notes should be printed out or typed as
endnotes and numbered consecutively. Note numbers in the text should follow a punctuation mark where possible
and be superscripted, without parentheses. In the notes themselves, parentheses should not be used around note
numbers that indicate cross-references: for example, “See n. 6,” not “See n.
(6).”
Text
Titles. Titles of books, periodicals, and individual
literary documents should be italicized (or underlined, in typescript).
Possessives. For the possessive case of proper nouns, see Chicago Manual 6.24–30. Following the Chicago Manual, Traditio uses an s after sibilants,
with some exceptions: Burns’s poems, Marx’s theories, Dickens’s novels, but
Jesus’ name, Moses’ staff, Socrates’ death.
Quotations.
Short quotations in any language (except Greek) should be enclosed
within double quotation marks and not italicized. The original language
rather than an English translation may be given in the text. If
texts are cited in the article in translation, the original should be
given in the notes.
The Bible. Books of the Bible are referred to by arabic numerals; chapter and verse
should be separated by a colon. Names
of whole books or books of which only a chapter number is given are spelled
out: Ephesians; Matthew 28; Acts 3–5. If chapter and verse are given, the name of the book is abbreviated,
with a period: Gen. 3:15; 1 Cor. 3:23–24. Use the abbreviations found in the Chicago
Manual 14.34 and reproduced here in the Appendix.
Foreign
Words and Phrases. Single words and
short phrases in languages other than English should be italicized, except for
familiar foreign words and phrases like fait accompli, mea culpa, or
weltanschauung (found without italics in standard dictionaries), and common
academic abbreviations like ca., cf., e.g., et al., etc., ibid., idem (and
eadem), i.e., passim. Use anglicized
versions of foreign place names: Munich, Vienna, Prague, not München, Wien, Praha.
Foreign
Alphabets and Characters. Every
care must be exercised to write Greek letters and all special characters in a
legible form. Accents and ligatures should be carefully and consistently noted.
Capitalization. In general, capitalize less rather than
more. For example: bishop of Paris, king of France, master of arts; the church
(as an institution); heaven, hell; the East, the West (as cultural, political
entity); Roman Empire, the empire, the eastern empire; Assumption,
Annunciation, the Flood, the Fall; Christ, God (but lower case personal
pronouns with these antecedents); Bible, but biblical; Scripture, but
scriptural; Mass (the eucharistic sacrament); but mass (individual
celebrations); lower case references to constituent parts of a book
(introduction, appendix). For further
guides to capitalization, see the Chicago
Manual, chap. 7, “Names and Terms.”
Numbers. As a rule, spell out whole numbers from one
through ninety-nine and any numbers that begin a sentence. Use a comma after the thousands place for a
precise number, but not for a rounded one: 3,429; 3400. Note also: 20 percent;
1200s; 26 January 987, not January 26;
325 B.C. but A.D. 325.
Chapters should be designated by arabic numerals: chapter 3
Inclusive
Numbers. In references to
consecutive pages (paragraphs, etc.) use the form 18–27, never 18ff. or
18sqq. If 18–19 is meant, use that form
and not 18f.
Abbreviating Inclusive Numbers. See Chicago Manual
8.69. If the first number is less than 100, use all digits: 1–10,
71–75, 96–115. For 100 or multiples of 100, use all digits:
100–104, 600–618. From 101 through 109 and multiples, use changed
part only: 106–7, 503–17, 1002–7. From 110 through 199 and
multiples, use two digits, or more if needed: 321–25, 415–532, 1536–38.
Inclusive dates follow the same system; see Chicago Manual 8.71–72. Examples: the war of 1914–18; A.D. 300–325;
the fiscal year 1975–76 or 1975/76 (otherwise, avoid the solidus [slash, virgule]).
Notes
Acknowledgments
and Expressions of Gratitude. Neither
a note to the title nor a note marked by an asterisk should be
employed. All acknowledgments and expressions of gratitude should
be incorporated into the first note as the second paragraph of that
note. Authors are asked to exercise restraint in naming and
thanking their benefactors.
Reference
Notes.
Bibliographical references ordinarily belong in the notes rather than
the text. When a bibliographical item is first cited, the reference
should contain the complete data, and an abridged form of the citation
given thereafter. The author's name should be cited with first name or
initials, as it appears on the title page. If the title page of
the book cited lists two cities with the publisher’s name, the city
listed first is the one to use; it is permissible, but not necessary,
to use both. If the place of publication is not widely known, the
abbreviation of the state name should follow it. Use book-style
abbreviations of state names, not the two-letter codes prescribed by
the Postal Service (N.Y., not NY; Mass., not MA; Del., not DE; see the
list in Chicago Manual
14.17). Shortened, second references consist of the author’s last
name, the shortened title of the book, and the page number. If
ten or more notes intervene between the initial citation and the
following one, a cross-reference to the full citation may be included,
as: (n. 3 above). Op. cit. and loc. cit. should not be used. Traditio departs from Chicago style in omitting the publisher’s name. Otherwise, Chicago Manual, chap. 17, “Note Forms,”
should be followed. The following are
examples of acceptable citations and abridgements.
6 Henri Peltier, Pascase
Radbert (Amiens, 1938), 54.
10 Peltier, Pascase
Radbert, 57–58.
11 Ibid., 59.
12 Ibid. [I.e., same page as preceding reference.]
25 Peltier, Pascase
Radbert (n. 6 above), 75.
Books in Series and Multivolume Works. Books in series are “a sequence of publications related in subject
matter and developed under the supervision of an editor or a group of editors”
(Chicago Manual
15.144). The series is open, so that new volumes may be
published. Multivolume works are in a sense closed, by their
subject matter or purpose. They may contain, for example, all of
some illustrious person’s letters, or a history of some country
by several authors, or one author’s history of a period under several
different titles. Authors often supply too much information about
books in series and multivolume works; the citation should provide
information that is really useful to the reader and not be filled with
learned clutter.
Books in Series. If the author wishes to include the title of
a series (it is not always necessary), the series title is capitalized like a
book title, put in roman type, and not enclosed in quotation marks or
parentheses. The name of the editor of
the series is not given unless it is relevant to the author’s point. The number of the volume in the series
should be given in arabic numerals, even if the original has a roman
number. See Chicago Manual 15.144–50. Examples:
C.
Bremond, J. Le Goff, and J. C. Schmitt, L’Exemplum, Typologie des sources du Moyen Âge
occidental, 40 (Turnhout, 1982).
Hans
von Campenhausen, Die Entstehung der
christlichen Bibel, Beiträge zur historischen Theologie, 39 (Tübingen,
1968).
C.
M. Kauffmann, Romanesque Manuscripts,
1066–1190, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 3
(London, 1975).
Frederick
W. Norris, Faith Gives Fullness to
Reasoning: The Five Theological Orations of Gregory Nazianzen, Supplements
to Vigiliae Christianae, 13 (Leiden, 1991).
William
Tabbernee, Montanist Inscriptions and
Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism,
Patristic Monograph Series, 16 (Macon, Ga., 1997).
Multivolume Works.
The treatment of multivolume works in notes can be complicated; authors
are asked to strive for clarity and simplicity, and to give only
information that is helpful. The number of the volume in the
series should be given in arabic, even if the original has a roman
number. See Chicago Manual 15.136–43. Examples:
Muriel
St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters, 6 vols. (Chicago, 1981), 5:246.
William
Farmwinkle, Humor of the American Midwest, vol. 2 of Survey of
American Humor (Boston, 1983), 135.
Jaroslav
Pelikan, The Growth of Medieval Theology
(600–1300), vol. 3 of The Christian
Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine (Chicago, 1978), 76.
Second
reference: Pelikan, Medieval Theology,
77–79.
Articles. Articles are cited by author’s name followed by comma, title followed by
comma, title of journal in italics, volume number (without number within a
volume, such as 4, 1, or month or season of publication), year of publication
in parentheses, colon, and inclusive pages. Examples:
A.
E. R. Boak, “Some Early Byzantine Tax Records from Egypt,” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 51 (1940): 56–110, at
100–103.
James
F. Powers, “Frontier Municipal Baths and Social Interaction in
Thirteenth-Century Spain,” American Historical
Review 84 (1979): 655–57.
Second
reference: Powers, “Frontier Municipal Baths” (n. 12 above), 656.
Standard
Abbreviations for Traditio. Traditio has a list of abbreviations that are to be used without any further
explanation; see appendix to these Notes. Authors should check that list
carefully. Abbreviations are not
italicized.
List
of Abbreviations Supplied by Author. If several works will be referred to frequently, or if the author
intends to use an abbreviation throughout, this detail should be noted and the
works cited in alphabetical order by author or abbreviation in the first
footnote. Examples:
The
following abbreviations are used throughout: Amann, L’époque = E. Amann, L’époque carolingienne, Histoire de
l’église, 6 (Paris, 1947); Bouhot, Ratramne = J.-P. Bouhot, Ratramne de Corbie: histoire littéraire et controverses
doctrinales (Paris, 1976).
The
following abbreviations will be employed: AHDL = Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge; HTCP = A History of Twelfth-Century Philosophy,
ed. P. Dronke (Cambridge, Mass., 1988).
Citations
from the works of Chaucer are from The
Riverside Chaucer, ed. L. D. Benson (Boston, 1987), and will be identified
hereafter by an abbreviated title and line number.
If the list
comprises more than three or four entries, however, it is best put into tabular
form, with the abbreviations in alphabetical order, flush left, and a new
paragraph for each entry. The list will
be set in the form of hanging indents.
Abbreviations for Parts of Books. Use the following abbrevations: n., nn. [note(s)]; line, lines [no abbreviation]; col., cols. [column(s)];
bk., bks. [book(s)]; n.s. [new series];
esp. [especially]; vol., vols. [volume(s)]; MS, MSS [manuscript(s) — no
period]. Eliminate the following abbreviations except there they are absolutely
required for clarity: vol. [volume], p., pp. [page(s)], v. [verse], no.
[number]. The abbreviations l. ll. for
line(s) or liber (libri) should never be used, as they are easily misread as numerals.
Classical and Patristic Works. For standard abbreviations of classical
authors’ names and works, see the comprehensive listing in the Oxford Classical Dictionary. For Greek patristic works, see the
abbreviations in G. W. H. Lampe, A
Patristic Greek Lexicon.
For writings of ancient and medieval authors, the title of the work
will be followed by the indication of the book and chapter, or whatever
subdivisions there may be. Arabic numerals designating these
subdivisions should be separated by periods (without insertion of
space); the comma (or, if appropriate, the semicolon) followed by a
space separates two consecutive references (e.g., Cicero De officiis 2.7.24; De oratore 1.44.196, 46.201; 2.30.132; Pliny Ep. 2.4, 7, 14). The edition used should be specified in the first
citation; if several editions of the same work have been cited, the editor’s
surname must be given in each citation. If the work is in translation, the translator should be cited in the
first reference. See Chicago Manual 15.298–311.
Citing
Works within a Sentence. Restructure sentences if necessary to avoid placing long citations
between subject and predicate. Complex
citations should go at the end of a sentence or quotation, even if this means
repeating the author’s name. This helps
to place the citation in immediate proximity to the quotation to which it
refers. The following are acceptable
citations:
According
to Abelard’s Historia calamitatum (ed. J. Monfrin [Paris, 1978], 65.85–91), William revised his theory from claiming
that universals are essentialiter or in essentia the same to saying that they
are indifferenter the same.
See
Ochsenbein, Studien (n. 1 above),
168–69, for a conspectus of views all agreeing on the fundamental incoherence
of the ethical section of the poem.
Minnis
shows that Chaucer knew the works of Remigius, particularly the Commentary. A. J. Minnis, “Glossynge is
a Glorious Thing: Chaucer at Work on
the ‘Boece’,” The Medieval Boethius:
Studies in the Vernacular Translations of De consolatione philosophiae (Cambridge,
1987), 106–24.
Grabmann
cites a very interesting Bamberg manuscript from the second half of the twelfth
century, which is clearly working in the same hierarchies of science as
William. [Long quotation follows.] M. Grabmann, Die Geschichte der scholastischen Methode, 2 vols. (Freiburg,
1909–11) 2: 37.
Unpublished
Manuscripts. Titles of
dissertations and unpublished manuscripts should be put within quotation marks
and properly capitalized: “Boke of Gode Newys,” “Livre blanc.” A non-title
description of a manuscript should not be put within quotation marks or be
capitalized as a title: cartulary of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes, notarial accounts,
collected letters.
Citing
Manuscripts. On first use,
manuscript citations should give the city or town first, the name of the
depository, the collection, the reference number, and — where necessary — a
folio reference: Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale 1382 (U. 109). The British
Library (BL), Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF), Biblioteca nacional and
Biblioteca nazionale (BN) are listed in the sigla at the front of the volume. If the citation includes references for recto and
verso, these should be put in Roman type and flush with the line rather than
superscript: fols. 45r–47v. Column designations should be superscripted: fol.
45ra–b.
After the first reference, the manuscript reference should be
shortened. If the abbreviation is less than obvious, it should be
explained at the first citation. Examples of full and shortened
references: BL Cotton Nero A. i (Nero A. i); BL Add. MS 26789 (Add. MS
26789); BNF MS Lat. 16112, fol. 45 (Lat. 16112, fol. 45); Madrid, BN MS
34568 (BN 34568); Oxford, Bodleian Rawl. B. 27 (Rawl. B. 27); Rouen,
Bibliothèque municipale 1382 (U. 109) (Rouen 1382); Cambridge, Corpus
Christi College 990 (CCCC 990); York Minster MS XVI D2 (York XVI D2).
The Apparatus
Criticus
Printing
the Critical Edition of a Text. The
strict accuracy of the apparatus criticus in manuscript is imperative, since
lines and line numbers are often altered in typesetting. A preset galley of the
text will be sent to author in order to adjust the references in the apparatus
and the notes to the text pages as they will appear in print. The apparatus
criticus references and the notes will be set at the bottom of the text page to
which they refer.
The text and the apparatus criticus should be assembled on separate
sheets at the end of the main text. Footnotes to the main text should
also be assembled separately. Notes may go according to line
number with no further indication in the text, or may be numbered as
sequential footnotes with superscript indications in the text.
Variant manuscripts should be
denoted in the apparatus criticus by single, upper case, bold letters. Abbreviations should be listed
alphabetically or in some convenient way as a preface to the text. For instance:
Manuscripts are listed in descending
order, from the most complete to the least complete copy:
P = Paris,
BN Lat. 314
L = BL
Add. MS 18382
Z = Zaragoza,
Biblioteca universitaria, MS 41 (olim 225)
Line numbers are given in arabic
figures, not boldface. The word or phrase in question is set off by a right
bracket. Variants are given in roman type followed (with no comma between) with
the manuscript abbreviation in boldface. If more than one variant is given,
these are separated by a space, not a comma: 5 teneatis] affigatis LZT commendetis B. If more than one word or phrase in
the same line is treated, the entries should be separated by a semi-colon: 4 facili] uel facile marg. L;
combibatis] uel collebetis B. Long
phrases should be denoted by giving the first and last words separated by an
ellipsis: 102–104 quicquid . . . ideo]
om. T
Captions
Captions should give full
identification of the image, location, and date, including photo credit.
Appendix:
Abbreviations
The following
sigla are used without further explanation:
AH Analecta hymnica medii aevi
AS Acta sanctorum
BL London, British Library
BN
Bibilothèque nationale,
Biblioteca Nacional, Biblioteca Nazionale
BNF Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
CAH Cambridge Ancient History
CCG Corpus Christianorum: Series graeca
CCL Corpus Christianorum: Series latina
CCM Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio
Mediaevalis
CIL Corpus inscriptionum latinarum
CMH Cambridge Medieval History
CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum
orientalium
CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum
latinorum
DACL Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne
et de liturgie
DDC Dictionnaire de droit canonique
DHGE Dictionnaire d’histoire et de
géographie ecclésiastiques
DThC Dictionnaire de théologie catholique
Du
Cange Du Cange, Favre, Henschel, Glossarium
mediae et infimae latinitatis
EETS Early English Text Society
GCS Die griechischen christlichen
Schriftsteller der ersten [drei] Jahrhunderte
HBS Henry Bradshaw Society
IG Inscriptiones graecae
ILS Dessau, Inscriptiones latinae
selectae
JL Jaffé, Regesta pontificum romanorum . . . ed. secundam curaverunt S. Loewenfeld
JK (JL:
an. 882–1198), F. Kaltenbrunner (JK: an. ?–590), P. Ewald (JE: an. 590
JE
–882)
LThK2,3 Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, 2d, 3d ed.
Mansi Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
MGH Monumenta
Germaniae historica
OED A
New [Oxford] English Dictionary on Historical Principles
PG Migne, Patrologia graeca
PL Migne, Patrologia latina
PO Patrologia
orientalis
Potthast Potthast, Regesta pontificum romanorum
RAC Reallexikon
für Antike und Christentum
RE Pauly,
Wissowa, Krol, Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft
RIS2 Muratori, Rerum italicarum scriptores: Raccolta degli
storici italiani, nuova ed. . . .
con la direzione di G. Carducci, V. Fiorini, P. Fedele
SIG Dittenberger, Sylloge
inscriptionum graecarum
ThLL Thesaurus linguae latinae
TU Texte und Untersuchungen zur
Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur
For serial
publications of the great academies:
Abh.
Akad. . . . [followed by name of city, e.g. Berlin, Munich, etc.] = Abhandlungen
der . . . [preussischen,
bayerischen, etc.] Akademie der
Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse.
Similarly for Mémoires,
Proceedings, Rendiconti, Sitzungsberichte, etc. The abridged form is always understood as referring to the series
covering philosophy and the humanities where several classes or sections exist
in a single academy.
Mém.
Acad.
Inscr.
Rendic. Istit. Lombardo
Proc. Brit.
Acad.
Sb. Akad. Vienna
Rendic. Accad. Lincei
Books of the
Bible:
All rights reserved. Updated 19 May 2008.
