Ancient History Sourcebook: Notice of New Structure

Since January 24 1999, the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook has been completely reorganized. Each of the main sections had became too large to maintain as one file. To see the new arrangement go to the Main Index.

The three older index files were called Ancient Near East (asbook1.html)| Greece (asbook2.html)| Rome (asbook3.html). All remained available until October 2000, but have now been removed. Too many links had gone bad, and as such the pages generated too many complaints about bad links, even though there was indication that they were no longer being updated and updated links were available within the new structure.

SECTIONS	*Subjects covered by the source texts in each Section.*
Studying Ancient History	Introduction: Using Primary Sources Nature of Historiography Other Sources of Information on Ancient History General Guides to Net Texts [link to texts at other sites.] General Etext Projects [sites with texts online.] Egypt/ANE Greece Rome Religion Philosophy Adding More Texts Other Ancient World Resource Projects
Human Origins	Human Origins Archeology Hunter-Gatherering Societies The Beginnings of Agricultural Societies Modern Perspectives on the Agricultural Revolution Origins of Patriarchy?
The Ancient Near East
Mesopotamia	Ancient Near East Sumeria (c. 3100-c. 2000 BCE) The Epic of Gilgamesh Sumerian Language Art Connections with India Akkadia (c.2350-2200 BCE) Babylonia (c.2000-1600 BCE) Code of Hammarabi Cities Creation Myths Religion Kassites and Hittites (c.1600-717 BCE) Kassites Hittites Hittite Texts Material Culture Assyria (c.1350- 612 BCE) Chaldea/Neo-Babylonia (612-539 BCE) Syrian Cities: Ebla, Ugarit, Emar Phoenicia 950 BCE on Carthage: The Punic Empire ANE Arts and Architecture ANE Mathematics and Astronomy Gender and Sexuality Modern Perspectives on Mesopotamia Common Issues: Mesopotamian/Egyptian/Hebrew/Greek History Centuries of Darkness?
Egypt	General Maps Chronologies Modern Egyptology The Old Kingdom (2705-2213 BCE) [Dynasties 3-8] The Middle Kingdom (1991-1668 BCE) [Dynasties 12-13] The New Kingdom (1570-1070 BCE) [Dynasties 18-20] Akhnaten [Amenhotep IV](r. 1363-1347 BCE) Post Imperial Egypt (1070-332 BCE) [Dynasties 21-31] Religion Origin Myths The Memphite Theology Gods and Goddesses Isis and Osiris Death and Resurrection Art and Architecture Literature Music Everyday Life Mathematics Gender and Sexuality Nubia Libya and Western North Africa Modern Perspectives on Egypt Black Athena Debate
Persia	Persia: General The Persian State: Acheamenids (560-330 BCE) The Persian State: Parthia and Arcsacids (247 BCE-226 CE) The Persian State: Sassanids (224-636 CE) Persian Religions Art and Architecture Modern Perspectives on Ancient Iran
Israel	People of Israel Pre-Israelite Canaan/Palestine/Syria The Bible as a Source The Documentary Hypothesis Ethnogenesis Later Stories Moses and Monotheism Conquest of the Land (1250-1000 BCE?) The Judges (c.1200-1050 BCE) The National Monarchy (c.1020-586 BCE) David (1000-961 BCE) Saul (c.1020-1000 BCE), 1 Samuel 8 Solomon (961-922 BCE) Israel and Judah (922-586 BCE) The Exile (587-538 BCE) The Prophets (750-550 BCE) Mythological Foundations Creation The Origin of Language The Problem of Evil The Problem of Life Sex Hellenistic Judaisms: Diasporas The Macabbees and After Jews in the Diaspora Conflict with Rome Hellenistic Judaism: Religious Development The Emergence of Judaism The Invention of the Synagogue Samaritans Editing of the Bible The Septuagint (?made under Ptolemy II r. 283-246 BCE) Philo Judaeus (c.30 BCE-45 CE): Pharisees Sadducees Zealots Essenes The Qumran Sect The Dead Sea Scrolls Proselytism Rabbinic Judaism The Talmud Gender and Judaism Modern Perspectives on Ancient Israel
Greek Civilizations
Greece	General Greece: Major Historians: Complete Texts Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE) Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE) Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE) Aristotle (384-323 BCE) Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE) Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE) Crete Mycenae Archaic Greece Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE) Hesiod (c.700 BCE) Later Historians Greek Colonization The Persian Wars (449-479 BCE) The Rise of the Polis The Age of Tyranny Athenian Democracy Sparta The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) and After The Fourth Century: Competing Hegemonies Philip II of Macedon (r. 339-336 BCE) Religion and Myth The Olympian Religion Chthonic and Mystery Cults Greek Conceptions of Death and Immortality Philosophy PreSocratics Materialists Pythagoreanism Eleatic School Sophists Atomists Socrates (469-399 BCE) Plato (427-347 BCE) Aristotle (384-323 BCE) Literature Literature: Theatre Theatre Practice Drama Theory Aeschylus (525-456 BCE) Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE) Euripides (c.485-406 BCE) Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE) Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE) Art Music Education Economic Life Slavery Greek Law Everyday Life Gender and Sexuality Women: Homosexuality: Modern Perspectives on Ancient Greece Homer and War Greece and Anthropology Slavery
Hellenistic World	The Hellenistic World Alexander (356-323 BCE) The Hellenistic States Ptolemaic Egypt (323-30 BCE) Seleucid Empire (323-63 BCE) Advent of Rome Art and Architecture Literature Idyll Novels Biography Philosophy Cynics Epicureans Stoics Skeptics Religion Science and Medicine Critical Thought Theoretical Science Mathematics Medicine Engineering Travel: Geography Modern Perspectives on Hellenistic Greece
Rome
Rome	General Rome: Major Historians: Complete Texts Etruscans Roman Foundations The Growth of Republican Institutions The War with Carthage Imperial Expansion under the Republic Civil Wars and Revolution Cicero (105-43 BCE) The Principate to 192 CE Augustus The Julio-Claudian Dynasty 14-68 CE 69 CE: Year of Three Emperors The Flavian Emperors 69-96 CE The Adoptive Emperors 96-192 CE Roman Law The Army The Empire and Provinces Rome: As Imperial Capital The Empire as a Unity Africa Egypt Syria/Judea Asia Asia Minor Europe Britain Later Empire (after 192 CE) Elagabulus (r.218-222 CE) Literature Art and Architecture Education Economic Life Life of the Upper Classes Trade Counting Slavery Everyday Life Food Sport and Games Names Language Technology Pompeii Religion Gender and Sexuality Women Homosexuality Modern Perspectives on Ancient Rome
Late Antiquity	Late Antiquity Military Revolution and Government The End of the Roman Empire in the West Late Ancient Philosophy Roman Stoicism Neoplatonism Roman Mystery Religions Demeter and Eleusis Cybele Isis Mithras End of Paganism Modern Perspectives on the End of Antiquity Catastrophe? Continuity?
Christian Origins	Christian Origins Source Problems The New Testament The Dead Sea Scrolls Gnostic Texts The Nag Hammadi Library Jesus of Nazareth (c.4 BCE-c.30 CE) Context Teaching Death Historical Evidence Early Church: First Century The Earliest Christians Paul of Tarsus (d.c.65 CE) and the Pauline Churches Missionary Activity Theology Early Church: 2nd-3rd Centuries Persecution and Survival Challenge to Social and Political Norms of Antiquity Church Organization The Emergence of Theologies Early Varieties Gnosticism "Orthodoxy" Early Christian Art The "Triumph" of the Church Modern Perspectives on Early Christianity

The new structure also includes a comprehensive Full Texts index, a HELP! page, and a Search page.

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