See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections.

Contents

• General
• Greece: Major Historians: Complete Texts
  • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
  • Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
  • Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
  • Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
  • Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
• Crete
• Mycenae
• Archaic Greece
  • Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
  • Hesiod (c.700 BCE)
  • Later Historians
  • Greek Colonization
• The Persian Wars (449-479 BCE)
• The Rise of the Polis
• The Age of Tyranny
• Athenian Democracy
• Sparta
• The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) and After
• The Fourth Century: Competing Hegemonies
• Philip II of Macedon (r. 339-336 BCE)
• Religion and Myth
  • The Olympian Religion
  • Chthonic and Mystery Cults
  • Greek Conceptions of Death and Immortality
• Philosophy
  • PreSocratics
    • Materialists
    • Pythagoreanism
    • Eleatic School
    • Sophists
    • Atomists
  • Socrates (469-399 BCE)
  • Plato (427-347 BCE)
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
• Literature
• Literature: Theatre
  • Theatre Practice
  • Drama Theory
  • Aeschylus (525-456 BCE)
  • Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
  • Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
  • Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
  • Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE)
• Art
• Music
• Education
• Economic Life
• Slavery
• Greek Law
• Everyday Life
• Gender and Sexuality
  • Women:
  • Homosexuality:
• Modern Perspectives on Ancient Greece
  • Homer and War
  • Greece and Anthropology
  • Slavery

General

• MEGA Rassegna degli Strumenti Informatici per lo Studio dell'Antichità Classica [Website]
• MEGA The Cambridge Classics External Gateway to Humanities Resources [Internet Archive]
• MEGA Classics and Mediterranean Archeology Homepage [Website]
• MEGA Electronic Resources for Classicists [Website]
• MEGA Ancient Greek  Sites on the Web [At Internet Archive, from Medea]
• WEB Greek History Course [At Internet Archive, from Reed][Modern Account]
  The full course, online, from Pre-history to Alexander.
• WEB Thomas Martin: Overview or Archaic and Classical Greek [At Perseus][Hyperlinked Modern Account]
• 2ND Classics FAQ [At MIT]
• 2ND 11th Brittanica: History of Ancient Greece [At this Site]

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Greece: Major Historians: Complete Texts

• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE)
  • The Histories 440BCE [At MIT][Full Text]
  • The Histories 440BCE [At Parstimes][Full Text][Chapter length files]
  • The Histories 440BCE [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
  • 2ND 11th Brittanica: Herodotus [At this Site]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE)
  • History of the Peloponnesian War, 431 BCE [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files]
  • History of the Peloponnesian War [These are MSWord files, in Greek with embedded fonts][At this Site]
    • Book I
    • Book II
    • Book III
  • 2ND  Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • 2ND 11th Brittanica: Thucydides [At this Site]
• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE)
  • Anabasis, or March Up Country or Persia Expedition, full text [At this Site]
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE)
  • The Athenian Constitution [At MIT]
  • The Athenian Constitution [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
  • Lives [At MIT]
• Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE)
  • Description of Greece: Book I: Attica (Athens and Megara) [At this Site]
  • Description of Greece: Book II: Corinth [At this Site]

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Crete

• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Theseus [At MIT]
  Not history!
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): On The Early History of the Hellenes (written c. 395 BCE)  [At this Site]
• Reports of Minos and Knossos [At this Site]
  From Plutrach and Herodotus.
• Linear B [At Ancient Scripts]
  Image files of the linear B script deciphered in 1952 by Michael Ventris and John Chadwick.
• WEB Minoan Civilization Images [At Dilos]
• WEB Cretan Culture Sites [At Interkriti]
• WEB Iraklion Archeological Museum [At Interkriti]
• WEB Phaistos [At Interkriti]
• WEB The Phaistos Disk [At Internet Archive, from Phaistos]

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Mycenae

• WEB Prehistoric Archeology of the Aegean [At Dartmouth]
  A beautifully produced online course on Crete and Mycenae. It must be seen. Text and images.
• WEB Images of Mycenae [At UCCS]

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Archaic Greece

• 2NDJohn Porter: The Archaic Age and the Rise of the Polis [At Saskatchewan][Modern Account]
• Homer (c.8th Cent. BCE)
  • Homeric Fragments [At OMACL]
  • Homeric Hymns [At OMACL]
  • The Iliad trans. Samuel Butler [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
  • The Iliad trans. Samuel Bulter [At MIT][Full Text]
    • See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • The Odyssey trans. Samuel Butler [At MIT][Full Text]
  • The Odyssey trans. S.H. Butcher and A. Lang [At Bartleby][Full Text]
  • The Odyssey  [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
  • The Odyssey [At this Site]
    Complete text [in one 769k HTML file] of the translation by Samuel Henry Butcher (1850-1910) and Andrew Lang (1844-1912) [Harvard Classics series]
• Hesiod (c.700 BCE)
  • Works and Days [At OMACL]
  • Theogony [At OMACL]
  • Hesiod: Theogony, excerpts [At this Site]
• Later Historians
  • Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): On The Early History of the Hellenes (written c. 395 BCE)  [At this Site]
• Greek Colonization
  • Documents of the Founding of Cyrene, c. 630 BCE [At this Site]
    From Herodotus and Strabo, class account of the founding of this Greek Colony in N. Africa.
  • 2ND Maria Danies: Greek Colonies and the Panhellenic Sanctuaries at Delphi and Olympia [At Perseus]
    A student project which links to the Perseus images related to colonization, as well a "family maps" of the colonies..
  • 2ND Thomas Martin:Overview: Colonization [At Perseus]
    With links to texts of Herodotus and Thucydides showing the process.

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The Persian Wars (449-479 BCE)

• Aeschylus (525-456 BCE): The Persians 472 BCE [annotated HTML] [At Calgary]
• Aeschylus (525-456 BCE): The Persians 472 BCE [At Saskatchewan]
  Aeschylus play's are the earliest accounts we have of the Persian wars.
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Histories 440BCE [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files][ Book VII on the Persian War]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Selections on the Persian Wars [At Saskatchewan]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Carthaginian Attack on Sicily, 480 BCE [At this Site]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Xerxes Invades Greece from The Histories. [At this Site]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Xerxes at the Hellespont [At WSU]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Battle of Marathon from The Histories [At Then Again]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Artemisia at Salamis, 480 BCE [At this Site]
  Artemesia was ruler of Halicarnassus, and took part in the Persian attack on Athens.
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Croesus and Solon from The Histories . [At this Site]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Themistocles (c.528-c.462 BCE)[At MIT]
• 2ND 11th Brittanica: Themistocles [At this Site]

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The Rise of the Polis

• Greek Warfare on Vases [At Internet Archive, from Northpark]
  Shows hoplite shields.
• Hoplite Soldier in Armor [At Cartage.org]
• Hoplites on Vases [At Internet Archive, from Reed]
• Documents of The Hoplite Revolution, c. 750 - 650 BCE [At this Site]
  from Homer, The Drinking Song of Hybrias, and Tyrtaeus.
• Map of Smyrna c.700 BCE [At Internet Archive, from Northpark]
• Athens in 440 BCE [At Then Again]
• Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE): Antigone 442 BCE [At MIT][Full Text]
• Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE): Antigone 442 BCE [At Diotima]
  A much more modern translation, with extensive annotation.
• Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE): Antigone 442 BCE excerpts. [At this Site]
• Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece: Book II: Corinth [At this Site]

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The Age of Tyranny

• Documents of the Rise of Hellenic Tyranny, c. 650-550 BCE [At this Site]
  From Herodotus Plutarch, about Corinth and Athens.

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Athenian Democracy

• Reports of The Origins of Athens, c. 430 BCE - 110 CE [At this Site]
  from Herodotus, Thucydides, Plutarch, and Aristotle.
• Pausanias (fl.c.160 CE): Description of Greece: Book I: Attica (Athens and Megara) [At this Site]
• Solon (c.640-after 561 BCE): Selected Fragments, [At Saskatchewan]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Solon (c.640-after 561 BCE) [At MIT]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Persians Reject Democracy/Darius' State [At this Site]
  For the Greeks, the Persian's were the major "other" against whom they measured their own institutions.
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): On Aristogeiton and Harmodius, (Book 6) [At PWH]
• Cleisthenes (c.525-after 507 BCE): Reform Texts [At Internet Archive, from Reed]
• Texts on Ostracism at Athens [At CSUN]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Pericles (c.495-429 BCE) [At MIT]
• 2ND 11th Brittanica: Pericles [At this Site]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles' Funeral Oration (Book 2.34-46) [At this Site]
• Bust of Pericles (c.495-429 BCE)[At Internet Archive, from WCSLC]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): The Mitylenian Debate (Book 3.36-50)[At Charleston]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): The Melian Dialogue (Book 5.84-116)[At Charleston]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Pericles' Last Speech (Book 2:59-64) [At CSUN]
• 2ND 11th Brittanica: Delian League [At this Site]
• The Polity of the Athenians, c. 424 BCE [At this Site]
  Sometimes known as the "Old Oligarch".
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Athenian Constitution [At MIT]
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, the beginnings of political society, [At Then Again]
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, on the origin of the polis [At this Site]
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Politics, excerpts from Books I, III, VII and VIII, [At this Site]
• 2ND Thomas Martin: Democracy in the Politics of Aristotle [At STOA]
  Discussion, with texts, of Aristotle's views on democracy.
• WEB The Ancient City of Athens [At STOA]
  A photographic archive of the archaeological and architectural remains of ancient Athens.
• WEB The Acropolis [At Internet Archive, from vacation.net.gr]
  Includes a model reconstruction.

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Sparta

• The Kings and Ephors of Sparta [At CSUN]
• The Great Rhetra [At CSUN]
• The Krypteia [At CSUN]
  Forced theiving.
• On Alcman [At CSUN]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Demaratus and the Spartan Conception of Freedom, from The Histories Book 7, [At Westminster]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Lycurgus [At MIT]
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): On the Kings of Sparta, c. 430 BC [At this Site]
• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Polity of the Spartans, c. 375 BCE [At this Site]
• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): On the Spartans [At CSUN]
• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Spartan War Machine, c. 375 BCE [At this Site]
• Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Spartan Constitution from the Politics [This Site]
• Pausanias (fl.160 CE): On the Spartan Origins Myth [At CSUN]
• Aristotle: Spartan Women [At this Site]
• 2ND 11th Brittanica: Sparta [At this Site]
• 2ND Early Sparta [Online lecture][At Internet Archive, from Reed]
• 2ND Legal Status of Women in Sparta [At Internet Archive, from Reed]

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The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) and After

• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): History of the Peloponnesian War, 431 BCE [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter length files]
  See 2ND  Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): Civil War in Corcyra 43-E (Book 3.69-85 here 3.82-83) [At Saskatchewan]
  Description of stasis in a Greek polis. This one caused the outbreak of war.
• Thucydides (c.460/455-c.399 BCE): The Plague of Athens 430 B-Book 2.47-55)[At Perseus]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Alcibiades (c.450-?404 BCE) [At MIT]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Pelopidas (c.410-364 BCE) [At MIT]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Demosthenes (384-322 BCE)[At MIT]
• 2ND Francis M. Cornford: Thucydides Mythistoricus 1907 [At Perseus][Modern Text]
  An analysis of Thucycides as a historian.

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The Fourth Century: Competing Hegemonies

• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Battle of Leuctra, (371 BCE) from the Hellenica [At this Site]
  Account of the defeat of Sparta by Theban forces and the ending of the Spartan supremacy..
• Cornelius Nepos (c.99-c.24 BCE): From Life of Epaminondas (d.362 BCE)(written c. 30 BCE) [This Site]
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Pelopidas (c.410- 362 BCE)[At MIT]
• Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): Anabasis, or March Up Country or Persia Expedition, full text [At this Site]
  The story of a Greek army of mercenaries and their march into the Persian Empire.

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Philip II of Macedon (r. 339-336 BCE)

• Justin (3rd Cent CE): The Beginning of Philip of Macedon's Reign, c. 359-352 BCE [This Site]
• Diodorus Siculus  (wrote 60-30 BCE): The Battle of Chaeronea, 338 BCE [This Site]
• Diodorus Siculus (wrote 60-30 BCE): Bibliotheke Book 16 [At Perseus]
• Isocrates (436-338 BCE): Address to Philip-6 BCE [At Perseus]
• Demosthenes (384-322 BCE): Philippic I [At Perseus]
• Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE): On the Embassy, full text [At this Site]
• Plutarch: The Murder of Philip II [From Alexander 9-10] [At Internet Archive, from Reed]

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Religion and Myth

• The Olympian Religion
  • Accounts of Hellenic Religious Beliefs, c. 800 BCE - 110 CE [At this Site]
    From Homer, Lysias, Apollonius of Rhodes, and Plutarch.
  • Accounts of Personal Religion, c. 430 BCE - 300 CE [At this Site]
    Festivals, temples and expectations.
  • Hesiod (c.700 BCE): Theogony [Full Text][At OMACL]
  • Hesiod (c.700 BCE): Cosmogony and Theogony [At enteract.com]
  • Homeric Sacrifice for the Dead Odyssey  XI:18-50 [At enteract.com]
  • Sacrifice to Rhea: the Phrygian Mother-Goddess Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica I:1078-1150 [At enteract.com]
  • Oracle of Trophinos at Lebadeia Pausanias, Description of Greece ix:39 [At enteract.com]
  • The Ancient Greek Gods [At Hellas on Line]
  • The Homeric Hymn to Dionysus [At Perseus]
  • To Pythian Apollo Homeric Hymn III:179 [At enteract.com]
  • Callimachus (c.305-c.240 BCE):  Hymn III: To Artemis [At Montclair]
  • The First Delphic Hymn 138 BCE [At WSU]
  • To Earth, Mother of All Homeric Hymn xxx [At enteract.com]
  • Apollodorus: Heracles: Labors, Death, Apotheosis [At enteract.com]
  • 2ND Summary of Apollodorus' Library [At Perseus]
    A handbook of Greek mythology.
  • 2ND Guide to Greek Gods [At CSUN]
  • WEB Classical Myth [Prentice Hall Website]
  • WEB Mythology Course [Princeton]
  • WEB Guide to Images and Texts about the Olympian Gods [At UVIC]
    Links to Perseus Texts.
• Chthonic and Mystery Cults
  • Hymn to Demeter 7th Cent BCE [At Ecole]
    The canonical text of the Mysteries.
  • Hymn to Demeter Homeric Hymns: To Demeter,11, 185-299, 7th Cent BCE  [At enteract.com]
  • The Eleusinian Mysteries: Various Texts [At enteract.com]
  • Plato (427-347 BCE): On Initiation Phaedo 69 [At enteract.com]
  • Dionysius and the Bacchae Euripides, The Bacchae, 677-775  [At enteract.com]
  • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Zalmoxis: The God of the Gates Histories IV, 93-6 [At enteract.com]
    A Thracian mystery God.
  • Orphic Hymn to Hekate 5th Cent BCE [At Hermetic Fellowship]
  • Initiates in the Orphic-Pythagoran Brotherhood Taught the Road to the Lower World The Funerary Gold Plates, Plate from Petelia, South Italy, 4th-3rd century BCE [At enteract.com]
  • 2ND The Eleusinian Mysteries [At ECOLE][Modern Text, Images]
• Greek Conceptions of Death and Immortality
  • Homer: Even in the house of Hades there is left something. . .'  Iliad XXIII, 61-81, 99-108
  • Homer: The mead of asphodel, where the spirits dwell. . .' Odyssey XXIV, 1-18 [At enteract.com]
  • Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): On the Transmigration of the Soul, fragments 115, 117, 118 [At enteract.com]
  • Plato  (427-347 BCE): On Transmigration: Myth of Er, Republic X, 614 b [At enteract.com]
  • Plato  (427-347 BCE): On the Immortality of the Soul, Meno 81, b [At enteract.com]

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Philosophy

• See WEB Internet Enclopedia of Philosophy [Website]
  multiple articles and texts.
• See WEB History of Ancient Philosophy [At U Washington] and
  Ancient Greek Philosophy [At Rice]
  Complete online courses with lecture notes on the major figures and issue.
• (Pseudo)-Plutarch: Des Opinions des philosophes [At this Site]
  Full text of a French translation. This seems to have been the first collection of placita in terms of philosopher's opinions organized into themes.
• See Hellenistic Section for texts of Epicurean, Stoic, Cynic, and Sceptic philosphers
• PreSocratics
  • See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • 2ND John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy, 1920, full text [At Evansville] 
  • PreSocratic Fragments [At Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy]
  • Materialists
    • 2ND Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras [IEP Articles]
    • Thales (c.600-550 BCE)[At Hanover]
    • Anaximander (c.610-545 BCE)[At Hanover]
    • Anaximenes (fl.546 BCE)[At Hanover]
    • Anaxagoras (c.500-c.428 BCE)[At Hanover]
    • Anaxagoras (c.500-c.428 BCE): Fragments [At Classic Persuasion]
• Pythagoreanism
  • Texts about Pythagoras [At CSUN]
  • Pythagoras (c.580-c.500 BCE)[At Hanover]
• Eleatic School
  • 2ND Parmenides, Empedocles [IEP Articles]
  • Parmenides (c.515-after 450 BCE)[At Hanover]
  • Parmenides (c.515-after 450 BCE): Fragments [At Internet Archive, from 4th Tetralagy]
  • Parmenides of Elea (c.515-after 450 BCE): On Nature (Peri Physis)
  • Zeno of Elea (c.490-after 445 BCE)[At Hanover]
    The puzzles still work!
  • Zeno of Elea (c.490-after 445 BCE): Paradoxes [At this Site]
  • Melissos (5th Cent BCE)[At Hanover]
  • Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): Fragments [At Internet Archive, from 4th Tetralogy]
    A pluralistic answer to Parmenides.
  • Empedocles (c.493-c.433 BCE): Going Among Men as an Immmortal fragments 112, 146, 147 [At enteract.com]
• Sophists
  • 2ND Sophists, Euclides, Prodicus, Gorgias, Protagoras [IEP Article]
  • Protagoras (c.485-411 BCE) [At Then Again]
    Fragments
  • Gorgias (c.483-c.385 BCE) [At Then Again]
• Xenophanes (c.570-c.470 BCE)[At Hanover]
• Xenophanes (c.570-c.470 BCE)[At Then Again]
  Atheistic views.
• Heraklitos (c.540-c.480 BCE) [At WSU]
  • 2ND Heraklitos [IEP Article]
  • 2ND Heraklitos [At Evansville]
  • Heraklitos (c.540-c.480 BCE): Fragments [At Internet Archive, from 4th Tetralogy]
• Atomists
  • 2ND Leucippus, Democritus [IEP Articles]

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Literature

• Selections from Greek Lyric Poets [At Saskatachewan]
  Archilochus (1st half 7th Cent BCE), Alcaeus (Late 7th/early 6th Cent BCE), Mimnermus (Late 7th/Early 6th Cent BCE), Ibycus (2nd half 6th Cent BCE), Anacreon (2nd half 6th Cent BCE), and Xenophanes (c.570-c.478BCE)
• Archilochus (1st half 7th Cent BCE): Selection [At Saskatchewan]
• Sappho (c.580 BCE): Poems, at [Sappho.com]
• Theognis (6th Cent. BCE): Selections [At Saskatchewan]
• Aesop (d. 564 BCE): Fables, text, [At Eserver]
• Aesop (6th Century BCE): Fables, HTML, [At this Site]
• 2ND The Rediscovery of Writing in Greece [At Internet Archive, from Reed]

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Literature: Theatre

All the major Greek plays are online, as well as substantial amount of criticism and theorising. The links here are to the plain text version at various sites or here. [The old Virgina Tech gopher site has disappeared, but these files are from there.]

In addition there are HTML versions of all text available at

• WEB MIT Classics Archive. Where more modern translations are on the net, they are indicated. See also
• WEB  Didaskalia: Play Texts Online [Website]  

• Theatre Practice
  • See 2ND Tragedy Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • WEB Skenotheke: Images of the Ancient Stage [Website-Saskatchewan]
    Has numerous images of the major remaining Greek theatres, with links to others all over the net.
  • WEB Epidauros Images [At UCCS]
  • WEB Didiskalia; Ancient Theater Today [Website]
  • WEB The Reception of Texts and Images of Ancient Greece in Late Twentieth-Century Drama and Poetry in English [Open University]
    It contains a searchable database of Greek  plays performed in English over the last 30 years. The database itself includes comments such as whether or not a chorus was used (and if so, how) design, reviews etc. It can be searched on people (authors/version, directors, designer, actor etc) Play Title (ancient or modern) etc.
• Drama Theory
  • Documents on The Hellenic Drama, c. 560 - 330 BCE [At this Site]
    The historical origins, from Plutarch, Demosthenes, and Aristotle.
  • Plato (427-347 BCE): Ion [At MIT]
  • Plato (427-347 BCE): The Republic
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE): The Poetics, excerpts, [At this Site]
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE): Poetics [At Mit][Full Text][Chapter length files]
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
• Aeschylus (525-456 BCE)
  The earliest of the three great Greek tragic dramatists (the others are Sophocles and Euripides). He introduced the second actor into the play. He is thought to have written 80-90 plays, of which 7 survive.
  • The Suppliants prob. 463 BCE
  • Oresteia trilogy 458 BCE
    • Agamemnon [At this Site, formerly ERIS]
    • The Choephori
    • Eumendides [At this Site, formerly ERIS]
  • The Seven Against Thebes 467 BCE
  • Prometheus Bound date unknown
  • The Persians 472 BCE [annotated HTML] [At Calgary]
  • The Persians 472 BCE [At Saskatchewan]
• Sophocles (496-405/6 BCE)
  The second of the great tragic poets. He wrote over 100 plays, but only seven complete ones survive. The dates here are likely but not certain.
  • Ajax 440 BCE
  • Antigone 442 BCE [At this Site, formerly ERIS]
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • Antigone 442 BCE [At Diotima]
    A much more modern translation, with extensive annotation.
  • Electra btw. 418-410 BCE
  • Philoctetes 409 BCE
  • Oedipus the King c.430 BC
  See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • Oedipus at Colonna c.405/6 BCE [At MIT]
  • The Trachiniae c.430 BCE
  • Euripides: Helen, a modern actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
• Euripides (c.485-406 BCE)
  A younger contemporary of Sophocles, and third of the great tragic playwrights. He introduced deus ex machina as a plot device. Of the 92 plays ascribed to him, 19 survive
  • 2ND 11th Brittanica: Euripides [At this Site]
  • Alcestis
  • Andromache
  • The Bacchae [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won trilogy competition, posthumously, in c.405 BCE
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • The Cyclops
  • Electra
  • Hecuba
  • Helen, a modern actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
  • The Heracleidae
  • Heracles
  • Hippolytus [At this Site, formerly ERIS] won trilogy competition in 428 BCE.
  • Ion
  • Iphigenia at Aulis won trilogy competition, posthumously, in c.405 BCE
  • Iphigenia In Tauris
  • Medea
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • Orestes a modern actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
  • The Phoenissae a modern actable translation by Andrew Wilson [At Classics Pages]
  • Rhesus
  • The Suppliants
  • The Trojan Women
• Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE)
  The greatest comic playwrights, he wrote in the rough style later known as   "old comedy". He wrote 54(?) comedies, but only 11 survived.
  See 2ND Old Comedy Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • The Acharnians 425 BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Birds 414 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Clouds 423 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    Pokes fun at Socrates.
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • The Ecclesiazusae (Women in Politics)  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Frogs 405 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Knights 424BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • Lysistrata 411 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
    About a sex strike.
    See 2ND Study Guide [At Brooklyn College]
  • Peace 421 BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • Plutus 382 BCE (his last play)  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Thesmophorizusae 411BCE  [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
  • The Wasps 422 BCE   [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
• Menander (342/1-293/89 BCE)
  • Family Values: Epitrepontes (aka The Arbitrants)[At U. Texas][Reconstructed Text]

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Art

• Pausanias (fl. 160 CE): Apollo at Amaklai [At CSUN]
• WEB Art and Architecture of the Aegean [At UCCS]
• WEB Greek Art [At Haifa] 217 images
• WEB Images of Greek Myth [At Haifa]
• WEB Maecenas:Images of Greek and Rome- [At Buffalo]
• WEB Greek Image Index [At EAWC]

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Music

• The First Delphic Hymn 138 BCE [At WSU]
  Hear the First Delphic Hymn [At YouTube]
• An Ancient Greek Hymn to the Muse [At UTK]
• WEB A History of Ancient Greek Music [Website at Internet Archive]

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Education

• Plato (427-347 BCE): The Meno [At MIT]
  The classic account of the "Socratic method".
• Herondas (aka Herodas) (c.300-250 BCE): A Mother and Her Truant Son, from The Third Mime, c. 3rd Cent. BCE
  A text on the rougher side of Greek pedagogy. More realistic than Plato?
• Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): The Training of Children, c. 110 CE [At this Site]
• WEB Images of Orality and Literacy in Greek Iconography of the Fifth, Fourth and Third Centuries BCE, ed. Andrew Weisner [At U Penn]
• WEB Levels of Greek and Latin Literary Activity [At U Penn]
• WEB Manuscript Images: Technology of the Word in the Middle Ages, ed. James O'Donnel [At U Penn]

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Economic Life

• Herodotus: Hellenes & Phoenicians, c. 430 BCE [At this Site]
• WEB Ships of the Ancient Greeks [At Internet Archive, from Medea]
  Splendid! Images, and links to many articles and other resources.
• WEB Ancient and Medieval Navigation and Astronomy [Internet Archive]

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Slavery

• Documents on Greek Slavery, c. 750 - 330 BCE [At this Site]
  from Hesiod, Strabo, Antiphon, Demosthenes, and Aristotle.

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Greek Law

• The Law Code of Gortyn (Crete), c. 450 BCE  [At this Site]
  The most complete surviving Greek Law code.
• Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE): Against Timarchus full text [At PWH]
• Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE): On the Embassy, full text [At this Site]

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Everyday Life

• Accounts of the Hellenic Games, c. 470 BCE-175 CE [At this Site][added 8/4/98 to Greece  page]
  From Pindar: Olympian Odes, c. 470 BCE, Thucydides: The History of the Peloponnesian War, c. 404 BCE, Xenophon: Hellenica, c. 370 BCE, Strabo: Geographia, c. 20 CE, Pausanias: Description of Greece, c. 175 CE
• WEB The Ancient Greek World [Website-UPenn]
  Concentrates on daily life. Multipe images.
• WEB Greek Costume Through the Centuries [Website]

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Gender and Sexuality

• Women:
  • See WEB Diotima
  • WEB The Female Figure in Greek Sculpture [At UCCS]
  • The Lot of the Hellenic Woman, c. 700-300 BCE [At this Site]
    Collection of comments by Greek male writers.
  • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Artemisia at Salamis, 480 BCE [At this Site]
    Artemesia was ruler of Halicarnassus, and took part in the Persian attack on Athens.
  • Aristophanes (c.445-c.385 BCE): Lysistrata, extracts, [At EAWC]
  • Aristotle (384-323 BCE): On a Good Wife, from Oikonomikos, c. 330 BCE [At this Site]
  • Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): On Men and Women, from Oikonomikos, c. 370 BCE [At this Site]
  • Aristotle: Spartan Women [At this Site]
• Homosexuality:
  • See WEB People with a History: Greece
  • WEB Eroticism in Antiquity [Internet Archive]
  • Plato (427-347 BCE): The Symposium [At Internet Archive, from EAWC][Full Text][Chapter length files]
  • Plato (427-347 BCE): The Symposium [At PWH][Full Text]
  • Aeschines (c.390-c.322 BCE): Against Timarchus [At PWH][Full Text]

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Modern Perspectives on Ancient Greece

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NOTES:

Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page.. The date of inception was 4/8/1998.

Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].

WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.

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created 1998: last revised 2/23/2007