| Studying History |
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| Israel |
| Greece |
| Hellenistic Wld |
| Rome |
| Late Antiquity |
| Christian Origins |
See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections.
- Cicero (105-43 BCE)
- Augustus
- The Julio-Claudian Dynasty 14-68 CE
- 69 CE: Year of Three Emperors
- The Flavian Emperors 69-96 CE
- The Adoptive Emperors 96-192 CE
- Rome: As Imperial Capital
- The Empire as a Unity
- Africa
- Egypt
- Syria/Judea
- Asia
- Asia Minor
- Europe
- Britain
- Elagabulus (r.218-222 CE)
- Life of the Upper Classes
- Trade
- Counting
- Food
- Sport and Games
- Names
- Language
- Technology
- Pompeii
- Women
- Homosexuality
- MEGA RomanSites
[At U. Chicago]
A guide to Roman websites which assesses the other "megasites". RomanSites is also especially good at keeping track of changes in URLs. - MEGA Romarch: Roman Art and Archeology [At
U. of Sydney]
The best guide to Roman site web projects. - <-ng>MEGA Classics and Mediterranean Archeology Homepage [Website]
- MEGA Electronic Resources for Classicists [Website]
WEB De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman
Emperors [Website]- 2ND Classics FAQ [At MIT]
- 2ND Maps and Codices of the Roman Empire [At Internet Archive, from Demon]
- Chronology of Roman History [At Internet Archive, from Forum Romanorum]
- WEB Forum Romanorum]
Rome: Major Historians: Complete Texts
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE)
- Rome at the End of the Punic Wars [History, Book 6] [At this Site]
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE):
- War Commentaries [At M Univ]
- War Commentaries [At MIT]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): History of Rome
Complete surving text online in English translation [At Virginia] - Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)
- Acts of the Divine Augustus (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) [At MIT]
- Res Gestae [In Latin][At CSUN]
- Josephus (37- after 93 CE)
- Complete Works [At CCEL]
Includes Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion
- Complete Works [At CCEL]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
- Lives [At MIT]
- Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
- The Life of Gnaeus Julius Agricola (40-93 CE), [At UNRV History]
- Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola (40-93 CE), c.98 CE trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb. [At this Site]
- Germania. trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb.[At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Germania, trans. Thomas Gordon, full text, Also available in Latin. [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Annals [At MIT]
- Annals [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
- Histories [At MIT]
- Annals and Histories, Full texts [At M Univ]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE)
- Index to Suetonius, Lives [At this Site][added 10/24/2000]
- Rolfe Translation
- De Vita Caesarum: Julius
- De Vita Caesarum: Augustus
- De Vita Caesarum: Tiberius
- De Vita Caesarum: Caius Caligula
- De Vita Caesarum: Claudius
- De Vita Caesarum: Nero
- De Vita Caesarum: Galba
- De Vita Caesarum: Otho
- De Vita Caesarum: Vitellius
- De Vita Caesarum: Vespasian
- De Vita Caesarum: Titus
- De Vita Caesarum: Domitian
- Also: De Viris Illustris, c. 106-113 C.E.
- Worthington Translation
- Life of Augustus, (63 BCE-14 CE)
- Life of Claudius
- Reports of the Etruscans, c. 430 BCE - 10 CE [At this Site]
From Herodotus and Livy. - WEB Etruscan Art and Archeology [At Internet Archive, from Bowdoin]
- WEB Etruscan Dictionary [At
Iolairweb]
All 200+ known words! - WEB Etrsucan Art in the Vatican [At Christusrex]
- WEB
VÍTELIÚ: The Languages of Ancient Italy [Website]
With an inscriptions page. - WEB Etruscan Women [At Diotima]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): Selections from Books 1 and 2 [At Saskatchewan]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): The Roman Way of Declaring War, c. 650 BCE, from History of Rome I.34 [At this Site]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): The Rape of Lucretia, from History of Rome. [At this Site]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): History of Rome
Complete surving text online in English translation [At Virginia]
The Growth of Republican Institutions
- The Twelve Tables 451/450 BCE selections, [At CSUN] and in Latin [At Bibliotheca Augustana]
- The Twelve Tables 451/450 BCE selections, [At this Site]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): Selections
from Books 6 and 7 [At Internet Archive, from Princeton]
Book 6: 11, 14-20, 27, 31-32, 34-36, 39; Book 7: 19, 21-22, 27, 29, 38, 42. - Polybius (c.200-after 185 BCE): Rome at the End of the
Punic Wars [History, Book 6] [At this Site] (Public Domain unlike next
selection, which is a more recent version.)
Includes an extended comparison of Rome and Carthage. - Polybius (c.200-after 185 BCE) Book 6.11-18: The Constitution of the Roman Republic [At Saskatchewan]
- Chart: Roman Government: Checks and Balances [From Polybius, Histories, 6]
- Polybius (c.200-after 185 BCE): Extensive Selections,
[At Internet Archive, from Princeton]
Book I, sections 1-6 , 14 , 17 , 59 , 63-64; Book VI. 1-42, 53-58; Book X. 2-3; Book XXXI. 22-30 - 2ND The Concepts of Fides and Virtus [At CSUN]
- 2ND The Republican Constitution [Modern Account][At Internet Archive, from Reed]
- Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): The Carthaginian Attack on Sicily, 480 BCE [At this Site]
- Cornelius Nepos (c.99-c.24 BCE): Hannibal, from De
Viribus Illustris, trans. J. Thomas, 1995. [At Iowa State]
The writer of the first surviving biography in Latin. - Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Battle of Cannae, 216 BCE, History, Book III.107 [At this Site]
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Character of Hannibal, The Histories, Book IX, Chapters 22-26 [At this Site]
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Third Punic War, 149-146 BCE, The Histories, Book XXXVI-XXXIX [At this Site]
- 2ND The Punic Wars [Modern account][At Internet Archive, from Reed College]
Imperial Expansion under the Republic
- Chinese Accounts of Rome, Byzantium and the Middle East, c. 91 B.C.E. - 1643 C.E.
- Time Line for Foreign Policy to 272 BCE [At Internet Archive, from Reed]
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Roman Maniple vs. The Macedonian Phalanx, The Histories, Book XVIII, Chapters 28-32 [At this Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Pyrrhus [At MIT]
- Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE): The Destruction of Corinth, 146 BCE The Histories, Book XXXVIII, Chapters 3-11; Book XXXIX, Chapters 7-17 [At this Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Cato the Elder (234-149 BCE)[At MIT]
- Mithridates & The Roman Conquests in the East, 90-61 BCE, excerpts from Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 114-119, and Plutarch, Life of Lucullus. [At this Site]:
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): T-allic Wars [At MIT]
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): Caesar and Vercingetorix, 52 BCE [At Internet Archive, from Hillsdale]
- Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Boudicca (Annals 14: 29-37) [Athenapu-li>
- 2ND The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BCE [At Athenapub]
- 2ND Rome, Greece and the East to 168 BCE [Modern Account][At Internet Archive, from Reed]
- Appian {1st Cent CE): The Civil Wars (On the Gracchi) [This Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Tiberius Gracchus (c.164-133 BCE) [At MIT]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Tiberius Gracchus
(c.164-133 BCE) translated by John Dryden, excerpts. [At this Site]
See 2ND Sources on Tiberius Gracchus [At Internet Archive, from Reed] - Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE) Life of Caius Gracchus (c.121 BCE)[At MIT]
- The Gracchi [Modern Account][At Internet Archive, from Reed]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Sulla (c.138-78BCE)[At MIT]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Marius (157-86 BCE)[At MIT]
- Sallust (prob.86-35 BCE): Life in Rome in the Late Republic, . 63 BCE, excerpts from the Catiline Conspiracy [At this Site]
- Sallust (prob.86-35 BCE): The Cati- Conspiracy, 63 BCE [At Forum Romanorum]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): First Oration Against Catiline<-63 BCE [At Bartleby]
- Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus) (39-65 CE): Pharsalia (aka "The Civil War") [At OMACL]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Pompey (100-48 BCE)[At MIT]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Crassus (115-53 BCE)[At MIT]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE)
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): Selected Letters. 36 selected letters. [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius, full text, trans by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Friendship, or Laelius, full text, trans by W. Melmoth [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): Old Age, c. 65 BCE (Harvard Classics series)[At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Laws, excerpts from Books II and III, [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Republic, excerpts from Book I, [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Republic: Scipio's Dream, excerpts from Book VI, [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): The Second Philippic [At this Site]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Genres of Rhetoric. excerpts from various texts, [At Towson]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Cicero (98-c.55 BCE)[At MIT]
- Asconius (9 BCE-76 CE): On Cicero's Pro Milone [At CSUN]
- WEB Cicero Homepage [At Utexas] for texts in Latin
- The Roman Candidate, 64, 54 BCE
Quintus Cicero, Letter to His Brother Marcus Cicero, on the problems of running for office. - Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Caesar (100-44 BCE)[At MIT]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum, Divus Iulius (The Lives of the Caesars, The Deified Julius), written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation. [At this Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): The Assassination of Julius Caesar, from Marcus Brutus, excerpts, translated by John Dryden. [At this Site]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): Life of Anthony (82-30 BCE) [At MIT]
- Augustus
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): Selections from- Letters on the Rise of Augustus [At Saskatchewan]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The End of the Republic [This Site]
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE): Acts of the Divine Augustus (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) [At MIT]
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE): Res Gestae [In Latin][At CSUN]
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE): Selections from th-ts of the Divine Augustus (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) [At Saskatchewan]
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE): Res Gestae Divi Augusti, c. 14 CE, long excerpts, in English. [At this Site]
- Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE): Select Testimonia- [At Saskatchewan]
- Augustan Encomiums, c. 31 BCE - 14 CE [At this
Site]
Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853. - Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Augustus (outline)(63 BCE-14 CE) [At CSUN]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum-Augustus, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation, [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Augustus, complete, Worthington translation, [At this Site]
- Nicolaus of Damascus (1st Cent CE): Life of Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)[At CSUN]
- Claudius Claudian: Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti. In Latin [At Upenn]
- Augustus' Legislation [At CSUN]
- Velleius Paterculus (c.19 BCE-after 30 CE: The Battle of Teutoburg Forest, 9 CE [At Hillsdale]
- Chart: Roman Government Under Augustus [GIF File][At this Site]
- 2ND Nina C. Coppolino: Au-us [At Roman Emperors]
- 2ND Sources on Augustus [Modern Account][At Internet Archive, from Reed]
- WEB Mausoleum of Augustus Texts [At CSUN]
- The Julio-Claudian Dynasty 14-68 CE
- Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum: Tiberius, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation, [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Caius Caligula (The Lives of the Caesars: Caius Caligula), written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Claudius, complete, Worthington translation, [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Claudius (The Lives of the Caesars: Claudius), written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Proclamation of Nero's Succession Nov 17, 54 CE [in Greek and Engli-At Hanson's website]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Nero, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Nero, complete. in Latin [At - Freenfo]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Murder of Agrippina (Book XIV, 1-16) [At Heliogabby)
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The Fire of Rome 64 CE [At Eyewi-s to History]
- Dio Cassius (c.155-235 CE): Nero and the Great Fire of Rome, 64 CE, from Roman History, 62.16-18 [At this Site]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Annals: Book I 64 CE [At Calgary]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Annals and Histories, Full texts&nbs-At M Univ]
- 69 CE: Year of Three Emperors
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Galba, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Otho, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Vitellius, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Vitellius
(b. 15 - r. 69 -d.69 CE)
Chap. 13: The Gormandizing of the Emperor Vitellius.[At this Site]
- The Flavian Emperors 69-96 CE
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The Legions Proclaim Vespasian Emperor, 69 CE [This Site]
- Lex De Imperio Vespasiani "The Law-cerning the power of Vespasian" [document designation: ILS 244] 69/70 CE [At Internet Archive, from Iowa State]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Vespasian, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Titus, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): De Vita Caesarum: Domitian, written c. 110 CE, Rolfe translation [At this Site]
- Suetonius (c.69-after 122 CE): Life of Domitian (b. 51 - r. 81 - d. 96 CE) Chap. IV: How Domitian Attempted to Amuse the Roman Populace. [At this Site]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola (40-93 CE), c.98 CE, trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb. [At this Site]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The Life of Gnaeus Julius
Agricola (4- CE) [At UNRV]
Contains a famous speech condemning imperialism by Calgacus.
- The Adoptive Emperors 96-192 CE
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The Principle of Adoption [At this Site]
- Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus 13: Trajan [In Latin][At CSUN]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): Selected Letters, c
100 CE (Harvard Classics series)[At this Site]
Selected letters: General (110 letters), and Correspondence with the Emperor Trajan (122 letters). - Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE) and Trajan (r.98-117 CE): Letters, Book X. 25ff : The Correspondence of a Provincial Governor and the Emperor Trajan, c. 112 CE [At this Site]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): The Letters of Pliny the Consul. With Occasional Remarks., Vol.2, (Tenth Edition), William Melmoth, London (1805) [lightly emended] Book 10 [At Princeton]
- Aelius Spartianus: Life of Hadrian, (r. 117-138 CE.), excerpts. [At this Site]
- Aelius Spartianus: Life of Hadrian, (r. 117-138 CE.), complete. [At this Site]
- Marcus Aurelius (b.121- r.161-d.180): The Character of Antoninus Pius (b.86-r.138-d.161 CE), from Meditations I.16: [At this Site]
- Julius Capitolinus: The Life of Antoninus Pius [At this Site]
- Eutropius (4th Cent CE): The Reign of Marcus Aurelius, 161-180 CE, from Compendium of Roman History, 8:.12-14 [At this Site]
- See the Legal Texts page
- WEB See the Medieval Sourcebook: Medieval Legal History, for texts on late Roman law and the Corpus Juris Civilis.
- 2ND Edward Gibbon: The Idea of Roman Jurisprudence [At this Site]
- Livy (59 BCE-17 CE): The Roman Way of Declaring War, c. 650 BCE, from History of Rome I.34 [At this Site]
- Valerius Maximus and Livy on Roman Soldiers [At CSUN]
- Josephus (37- after 93 CE): The Roman Army in the First Century CE, from The Jewish War, [This Site]
- Josephus (37- after 93 CE): An Imperial Triumph, 71 CE, from The Jewish War, [This Site]
- Letters Written by Roman Soldiers, 2 CE [At CSUN[
- Roman Soldier's Enlistment, Egypt, 51 CE [At CSUN]
- Vegetius (4th Cent CE): Epitoma Rei
Militari, Book I:11-20-sp; c. 371-392 CE, [At Armentarium]
The only Roman military tract to survive, and the most influential military text in the western world until the 19th century. Probably addressed to Theodosius the Great. See also this useful bibliography [At ibiblio] - WEB Armentarium: Roman Arms and Armour [-ite]
- Claudius Ptolemy (C.127-148 CE) : The
Geography [A-cus Curtius/Chicago]
The entire text, with maps, is being put up on the web. - Rome: As Imperial Capital
- Strabo (64/3 BCE- c.21 CE): The Grandeur of Rome, c. 20
CE
from Geography, 5.3i [At this Site] - Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): The Grandeur of Rome,
c. 75 CE
from Natural History [At this Site]
A collation of NH III.v.66-67, NH XXXVI.xxiv.101-110, and NH XXXVI.xxiv.121-123 - Juvenal (c.55-c.130 CE): Satire 3: On the City of Rome [At WSU]
- Juvenal (c.55-c.130 CE): Satire 3: On the City of Rome [This
Site]
A much longer selection than at WSU. Compare Samuel Johnson (1709-1784): London [At Rutgers] - Martial (40-103/4 CE): I-rants in Rome, Epigrams, IX.3 [At this Site]
- WEB Rome: City of Empire [Website-Brooklyn College]
- Strabo (64/3 BCE- c.21 CE): The Grandeur of Rome, c. 20
CE
- The Empire as a Unity
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Admitting Provincials to
the Senate, 48 CE [At this Site]
A speech by the emperor Claudius. - Claudius (b. 10 BCE, r. 41 CE - d.54 CE).: A Discourse
in the Senate, c. 48 CE [At this Site]
Same speech as above, but based on a surviving inscription.,
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Admitting Provincials to
the Senate, 48 CE [At this Site]
- Africa
- Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE - 550 CE [At
this Site]
From Herodotus, Strabo, Dio Cassius, the King of Axum, and and Procopius of Caesarea. - Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): On Libya, from The Histories, c. 430 BCE [At this Site]
- Accounts of Ancient Mauretania, c. 430 BCE- 550 CE
[At this Site]
From Herodotus, Strabo, and Procopius of Caesarea
- Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE - 550 CE [At
this Site]
- Egypt
- Egypt under the Roman Empire, excerpts from Strabo (64/3 BC- c.21 CE): Geography and Oxyrhynchus papyri. [At This Site]
- Rules
for Administering the "Special Account" of Egypt, c. 150/161 CE,-rlin
pap. 1210] [At Diotima]
This link contains those regulations (out of 115) pertaining to women and marriage. The document as a whole shows the Roman exploitation of Egypt. - Emperor Claudius (10 BCE-54 CE): Letter to the Alexandrians [BM Pap. 1912/Select Papyri 212][At CSUN]
- The Family Letters of Pansikos late 3rd/early 4th Cent. Egypt [At U Mich]
- WEB Egypt Under Roman Rule [At House of Ptolemy]
- WEB Religion and Death in Roman Egypt [Website-Michigan]
- WEB Karanis: An Egyptian Town in Roman Times [Website-Michigan]
- Syria/Judea
- Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Complete
Works [At CCEL]
Includes Antiquities-the Jews, The Jewish War and Against Apion - Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Siege and Fall of Jerusalem 70CE [Jewish War 6:8][At PBS]
- Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Masada [Jewish War 7:9][At PBS]
- Roman Sources on the Jews and Judaism, 1 BCE-110 CE
[This Site]
Texts from Josephus, Augustus, Claudius, Strabo and Tacitus. - Roman Governors of Judea [At Internet Archive, from Trinity] -
- Documents on Jews and Judaism in the Greco-Roman Diaspora [At UPenn]
- 2ND R-and the Jews and Part II [Reed College][Modern Account]
- Arch of Titus [Image - Showing Destruction of Jerusalem][At Bluffton]
-i>Asia - Josephus (37- after 93 CE): Complete
Works [At CCEL]
- Corbulo and the Parthian War 58-66 CE [At CSUN]
- Ancient Accounts of Arabia:
Accounts from Herodotus: The Histories, c. 430 BCE; Strabo (64/3 BC- c.21 CE): Geography; c. 22 CE, Dio Cassius (c.155-235 CE): History of Rome, c. 220 CE; Ammianus Marcellinus: The Roman History, c. 380 CE; Procopius of Caesarea: History of the Wars, c. 550 CE [At this Site] - Vopiscus: Aurelian's Conquest of Palmyra, 273 CE
[At this Site]
Ruled by the Queen of the East, Zenobia. See also Latin text [At Latin Library] - Asia Minor
Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE) and Trajan (r.98-117 CE): Letters, Book X. 25ff : The Correspondence of a Provincial Governor and the Emperor Trajan, c. 112 CE [At this Site]
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): The Germans, c. 51 BCE [At this Site]
- Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): On the Germans, 53 BCE [At Intern-rchive, from Princeton]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Germania. trans. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb.[At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Germania, trans. Thomas Gordon, full text, Also available in Latin. [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Germania, shorter excerpts. [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Salvian (c.400- after 470 CE]: The Burden of Taxation, [c.440 CE] [At Medieval Scourcebook]
- Sidonius Apollinaris [c.431-c.489 CE]: "Country House Life in Gaul" and "A Visigothic King", [At Medieval Sourcebook]
- Roman Governors of Britain [At Roman Britain]
- Galgacus: On Roman Imperialism, From Tacitus, [At this Site]
- WEB Roman Britain [At Athenapub]
- WEB Roman Bath [At Internet Archi-from WCSLC]
- WEB Hadrian's Wall [At I-net Archive, from WLSLC]
- Table Showing Debasement of Coinage after Nero [At Exeter]
- Map: Origin Cities of Roman Emperors [At Internet Archive, from Oregon]
- Aelius Spartianus (dates?): Life of Caracalla (r.211-217 CE-t Heliogabby]
- Elagabulus (r.218-222 CE)
- Aelius Lampridius (dates?): Life
of Heligabulus and in Latin
(r.218-222 CE)[At Heliogabby][Full Text]
Both lives above are part of the Historia Augusta, prob. 4th Cent CE. - Dio Cassius (c.155-235 CE): Book LXXX [At Heliogabby]
- Herodian (early 3rd Cent. BCE): History of the Empire from the Time of Marcus Aurelius, Book 5, [At Heliogabby]
- Aelius Lampridius (dates?): Life
of Heligabulus and in Latin
(r.218-222 CE)[At Heliogabby][Full Text]
- Petition to the Emperor Philip: On Official & Military Extortion, 246 CE [At this Site]
- Vopiscus: Aurelian's Conquest of Palmyra (r.270-275 CE), 273 CE [At this Site]
- Jordanes (fl.c.550 CE): History of the Goths Chap. 20: The Devastation of the Goths in the Reign of Gallienus, 260-268 CE [At this Site]
- WEB Tools of the Trade for the Study of Roman Literature, by Lowell Edmunds and Shirley Werner [At Rutgers]
- Plautus (d.184 BCE): The Brothers Menaechmus [At Internet Archive, from Rho-
- Plautus (d.184 BCE): Aulularia
[At Forum Romanorum] or in Latin [At the Latin Library]
- Roman Poetry Selections (Catullus [c.84-c.54 BCE], Horace [65-8 BCE], Martial [40-103/4 CE]) [At Then Again].
- Lucretius (9-55 BCE): The Nature of Things [At this Site, formerly ERIS][Full Text][Ascii Text in one file]
- Catullus (c.84-c.54 BCE): Poems [At Saskatchewan] -
- Virgil (70-19 BCE)
- Virgil (70-19 BCE): The
Aeneid, Dryden translation, [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter files]
See <-ng>2ND Study Guide [At Internet Archive, from Brooklyn College] - Aelius Donatus (fl. 350 CE):-href="http://www.virgil.org/vitae/a-donatus.htm">Life of Virgil, tr. David Wilson-Okamura [At Virgil.org]
- WEB Virgil.org [Website]
- WEB Virgil Home Page [Website]
With links to all texts in both Latin and English.
- Virgil (70-19 BCE): The
Aeneid, Dryden translation, [At MIT][Full Text][Chapter files]
- Augustan Encomiums, c. 31 BCE - 14 CE [At this
Site]
Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853. - Horace (65-8 BCE): We All Must Die [At WSU]
- Sulpicia (Late 1st Cent. CE): Poems [At Diotima]
or in Latin [At Latin Library]
Th-ly surviving Roman female poet. - Petronius Arbiter (c.27-66 CE): Satyricon c.61 CE
-
-
- The Satyricon,
translated by Alfred R. Allinson, 1930. [English translation linked to Latin text][At Sacred Text Archive] Also in
Latin [At Latin Library].
[Note that most modern teachers would use the Arrowsmith translation (New American Library) which is considered to be very good.] - The Banquet of Trimalchio from the Satyricon [At this Site]
- Trimalchio's
Feast [At Internet Archive, from Colorado]
excerpt from the Satyricon. Has annoyi-TML markup! - Trimalchio on Astrology
- 2ND The Satyricon of Petronius [At Southwestern][Modern Account]
- The Satyricon,
translated by Alfred R. Allinson, 1930. [English translation linked to Latin text][At Sacred Text Archive] Also in
Latin [At Latin Library].
- Juvenal and Persius: Satires: Introduction [At this Site]
- Persius (34-63 CE): Satires
- the complete Latin/English text is in preparation for this site.
- Juvenal (c. 55/60-127 CE): Satires
- Juvenal: Satire 1 Latin | Satire 1 English | Satire 1 English/Latin
- Juvenal: Satire 2 Latin | Satire 2 English | Satire 2 English/Latin
- Juvenal: Satire 3 Latin | Satire 3 English | Satire 3 English/Latin
- The rest of the Latin/English text is in preparation for this site.
- Satires 1,2,3,8,9, trans. N. Rudd, [At Princeton]
- Juvenal: Satire 6 [On Women][At this Site]
- Avianus (fl. c. 400 CE): Fabulae in Latin [At UPenn]
- Priapea (collected 5th Cent CE) in
Latin [At IPA]
Said by the Oxford Classical Dictionary2 to be "uniformly obscene". - Rutilius Numantius: On His Return, I.xi.47, The Greatness of Rome in the Days of Ruin, 413CE [At this Site]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): Letters, II.14: The Decline of Oratory [At this Site]
- Jay Treat: Latin and Greek
Literary Activity [At UPenn][Chart]
Rates levels of literary activity from 100 BCE to 1400CE. - WEB Latin Library
Has many of the texts here available in original Latin.
- WEB Roman Art and Architecture Images [At UCCS]
Contains The Roman Gazetteer, the Roman Atlas, an Index of Latin Inscriptions, and more. Hundreds of Pictures of sites, items, maps, and inscriptions.- WEB Maecenas:Images of Greek and Rome [At Buffalo]
- WEB Roman Image Index [At EAWC]
- Pl-the Elder (23/4-79 CE): Natural History in Latin [At Lacus Curtius][Full Text]
- Letter Home of a Roman "University-t; Student,
44 BCE [At this Site]
By Cicero's son. - Roman Educational Practices, [At this Site]
Texts from Horace: Satires, I.6.xi.70-90; Pliny the Younger: Letters, IV.13; and Martial: Epigrams, X.62 - Seneca (b.4 BC/1 CE-d. 65 CE): On Tranquillity of Mind
9.4ff and in Latin [At
UPenn]
On the problem of having too many books. - Julius Victor (4th Cent CE): On Letter Writing, in Latin [At UPenn]
- Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): The Ideal Education, The Institutes, Book 1: 1-26, c. 90 CE [At this Site]
- Quintilian (b.30/35-c.100 CE): Institutes of Oratory, c.96 CE. [At Iowa State]
- WEB The Quintilian Page [At MSU]
- Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE): The Training of Children, c. 1-E [At this Site]
- Donatus: De barbarismo, with trans. by Jim Marchand [At U Penn]
- WEB Images of Orality and Literacy in Greek Iconography of the Fifth, Fourth and Third Centuries BCE, ed. Andrew Weisner [At U Penn]
- WEB Levels of Greek and Latin Literary Activity [At U Penn]
- WEB Manuscript Images: Technology of the Word in the Middle Ages, ed. James O'Donnel [At U Penn]
- Life of the Upper Classes
- The Manner of Roman Charity [At this Site]
- Practical
Public Beneficence [At LacusCurtius]
An inscription, incl-g a photo, transcription, translation and brief commentary, of another typical witness to Roman euergetism. - Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): Natural History, XXXIII.6: Luxury in the Use of Rings [At this Site]
- Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): Natural History, XXXIII.47: A Wealthy Roman's Fortune [At this Site]
- Statius (45-96 CE): Silvae, II.2 A Roman Seaside Villa [At this Site][added 7/2/98 to Rome page]
- Pliny the Younger (61/62-113 CE): Letters, III.1: The Life of a Refined Roman Gentleman [At this Site]
- Trade
- WEB The Eastern Port of Kenchreai [At Internet Archive, from Mt. Holyoke]
- - Counting
- Roman Art of Counting [At Internet Archive, from Forum Romanorum][Modern Account]
- WEB Compvter Romanvs [Website]
Presents an onscreen calculater which does its work in Roman numerals.
- Slavery in the Roman Republic, excerpts from Plautus, Pseudolus, Act. I, Sc. 2; Cato the Elder, Agriculture, chs. 56-59; Plautus, Menaechmi, Act V, Sc. 4.; and Plutarch, Life of Crassus, viii-xi (on the Spartacus revolt). [At this Site]
- Texts on Three Slave Revolts
A. Sicily 136-132 BCE - Diodorus Siculus (wrote 60-30 BCE), Bibliotheke Books 34/35. 2. 1-48; Strabo (64/3 BC- c.21 CE), Geography Book 6. 2. 6-7; Florus, Epitome of Roman History 2. 7. 1-8; Orosius, Histories Book 5. 6
B. Sicily 104-100 BCE - Diodorus Siculus (wrote 60-30 BCE), Bibliotheke Book 36. 1-11; Florus, Epitome 2. 7. 9-12; Dio Cassius (c.155-235 CE), Roman History Book 27 fragment 101;
C. The War with Spartacus 73-71 CE - Plutarch, Crassus 8-11; Florus, Epitome 2. 8. 20; Appian, The Civil Wars 1. 111-121; Orosius, Histories 5. 24. 1-8 - Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): The Murder of Pedanius Secundus
(Annals 14) [At Michigan]
On the murder of a slave-owner by his slave, possibly because of e-c jealously. The senate addresses whether all the slaves in the house should be killed. - 2ND John Madden, Slavery in the Roman Empire Numbers and Origins [At Internet Archive, from Classics Ireland][Modern Account]
- Food
- Macrobius: Saturnalia Convivia, III.13: The Bill of Fare of a Great Roman Banquet, 63 BCE [At this Site]
- Petronius Arbiter (c.27-66 CE): The Banquet of Trimalchio from the Satyricon [At this Site]
- Apicius (proverbial gourmet): De Re Coquinaria (4th Cent CE). Ancient Roman Recipes [At CMU]
- Testamentum porcelli [At U
Penn]
A Roman pig sees its doom.
- Sport and Games
- Seneca (b.4 BC/1 CE-d. 65 CE): Epistles 7: The Gladiatorial Games [At this Site]
- Names
- Roman Names [At Gaming Geeks]
- WEB Ancient Roman
Technology [At UNC-CH]
Quite extensive, and well illustrated.
- Pliny the Elder (23/4-79 CE): The Eruption of Vesuvius: Letter 6:16 (or in Latin) and Letter 6:20 [At Amherst]
- Inscriptions from Pompeii [At this Site]
- WEB Ancient Source Texts on Pompeii [At Amherst]
- WEB Pompeii and Herculaneum
[Online Course-Amherst]
With images, and texts/translations of inscriptions.
See information on the Olympian Religion under Greek Religion on Greece. For the Roman Mystery Religions, see under Late Antiquity.
- Numa (c.715-673 BCE): The Institutions of Roman Religion, 7th Cent. BCE, from Plutarch, Life of Numa, [At this Site]
- Accounts of Roman State Religion, c. 200 BCE- 250CE [At
this Site]
Collected accounts from Cato, Cicero, Livy and Plutarch. - Roman Religious Toleration: The Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus, 186 BCE, from Livy, History of Rome, Book XXXIX [At this Site]
- Roman Religiones Licitae and Illicitae, c. 204 BCE
- 112 CE [At this Site]
Different reactions to different foreign religions - the cults of Magna Mater, Dionysius, and Christianity. - Expiation of an Umbrian Town: Archaic Roman Sacrifice [At enteract.com]
- An Offering for Jupiter before the Sowing Cato, On Agriculture 132, 160 BCE [At enteract.com]
- A Roman Harvest Sacrifice, from Cato, On Agriculture 134, 160 BCE [At enteract.com]
- The Flamen Dialis and his Wife [At enteract.com]
- Devotio: The Sacrificial Death of Decius, Livy, History of Rome VIII, 9, 1-11; 10, 3) [At enteract.com]
- The Prayer of Scipio Africanus Livy, History of Rome XXIX, 27, 1-4, 204 BCE [At enteract.com]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): A Roman View of the Afterlife: The Dream of Scipio, On the Republic VI, 14-26) [At enteract.com]
- Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Republic: Scipio's Dream, excerpts from Book VI, [At this Site]
- Halicarnassus Inscription (after 2 BCE) Augustus: Father of His Own Fatherland [At enteract.com]
- Lucius Apuleius (c.123-c.170 CE): Personal Piety in Rome: Second Century CE Apologia 55-6 [At enteract.com]
- Persius Flaccus (34-63 CE): Satire II, c. 60 CE [This Site]
- Tacitus (b.56/57-after 117 CE): Rebuilding the Temple of Jupiter, 70 CE [This Site]
- Accounts of Personal Religion, c. 430 BCE - 300 CE [At
this Site]
Festivals, temples, expectations. - WEB List of all the Roman Gods [Website]
Gender and Sexuality<->
Sheer misogyny.
More misogyny.
On the murder of a slave-owner by his slave, possibly because of erotic jealously. The
- senate addresses whether all the slaves in the house should be killed.
Modern Perspectives on Ancient Rome
NOTES:
Dates of accession of material added since July 1998- be seen in the New Additions page. The date of inception was 4/8/1998.
Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].
WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.
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created 1998: last revised 3/5/2007