See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections.

Contents

• General
  • Maps
  • Chronologies
  • Modern Egyptology
• The Old Kingdom (2705-2213 BCE) [Dynasties 3-8]
• The Middle Kingdom (1991-1668 BCE) [Dynasties 12-13]
• The New Kingdom (1570-1070 BCE) [Dynasties 18-20]
• Akhnaten [Amenhotep IV](r. 1363-1347 BCE)
• Post Imperial Egypt (1070-332 BCE) [Dynasties 21-31]
• Religion
  • Origin Myths
  • The Memphite Theology
  • Gods and Goddesses
  • Isis and Osiris
  • Death and Resurrection
• Art and Architecture
• Literature
• Music
• Everyday Life
• Mathematics
• Gender and Sexuality
• Nubia
• Libya and Western North Africa
• Modern Perspectives on Egypt
  • Black Athena Debate

General

• MEGA Abzu: Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East Available on the Internet [Website]
• MEGA Egyptology Resources [Website-Cambridge]
• WEB History of Ancient Egypt Page [At Charleston]
• WEB Neferchichi's ClipArt [Website]
  Images of divinities, and much more.
• Maps
  • WEB Egypt Maps [At Mankato]
  • Nile Delta from Space [At NASA]
• Chronologies
  There are myriad competing "high, middle, and low" chronologies for Egyptian history. See under Mesopotamia above for some links on these issues.
  • Chronology of Egyptian History [At NWU]
    This is the chronology used here.
  • Timeline of Egyptian History [At CMNH]
  • List of Egyptian Dynasties [At Ukonline]
    Includes names for each ruler.
• Modern Egyptology
  • The Rosetta Stone: Translation of the Greek Section.
  • 2ND Jean François Champollion [At KMT][Modern Account]

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The Old Kingdom (2705-2213 BCE) [Dynasties 3-8]

• The Palette of Narmar 3200BC [At Then Again]
• The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep, 6th Dynasty [This Site]
• The Instruction of Ptah Hotep 6th Dynasty (2300-2150 BCE)[in Egyptian][on AOL]
  Contains Middle Kingdom copies of an Old Kingdom text.
• Hymn to the Nile, (c. 2100 BCE) [This Site]
• Instruction on Writing [At iwebland]
• Tales of Ancient Egypt: The Shipwrecked Sailor, c. 2200 BCE [At this Site]
• WEB The Pyramids [PBS Website]
• The Pyramids [At pharos.bu.edu]
  
• WEB Pyramid Construction [At TourEgypt]
  Discusses and illustrates various possible methods.
• WEB Step Pyramid of Doser c.2800 BCE [At UPenn][Clickable Image]

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The New Kingdom (1570-1070 BCE) [Dynasties 18-20]

• Birth of Hatshepsut 18th Dynasty [At Internet Archive, fromCreighton]
• The Battle of Meggido, Egyptian Account, c. 1469 BCE [At Hillsdale]
• Pen-ta-ur: The Victory of Ramses II Over the Khita, 1326 BCE [At this Site]
• The Battle of Kadesh, Egyptian Account, c. 1294 BCE [At Hillsdale]
• Invasion of Sea Peoples c.1200 BCE
• Princess Ahura: The Magic Book, c. 1100 BCE [At this Site]
  On the brother-sister marriage of the two children of the King Merneptah.
• WEB Valley of the Kings [At PLU]
  The royal cemetery of Egypt's New Kingdom.
• 2ND Sayed Z. El-SayedL Hatshepsut's Mission to Punt [At TAMU]

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Akhnaten [Amenhotep IV](r. 1363-1347 BCE)

• Akhnaten (r. 1363-1347 BCE): Hymn to Aten [At Internet Archive, from Creighton]
• Akhnaten (r. 1363-1347 BCE): Hymn to Aten [At Eliade]
• Letter of Pabi, Prince of Lachish, to Akhnaton, King of Kemet (i.e. Egypt), circa 1350 BCE.  [At this Site]
• WEB Akhet-Aten Home Page [Website]
  A modern account, with extensive illustrations.

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Post Imperial Egypt (1070-332 BCE) [Dynasties 21-31]

• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Egypt after the Persian Invasion, Book 2 of The Histories, [At Tufts]
• WEBThe Rosetta Stone [At the British Library]
• WEB The Rosetta Stone: Translation [At British Library]

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Religion

• WEB Egyptian Religion [Website-At Internet Archive, from Mankato]
• 2ND Two Approaches to an Egyptian Pantheon [At Internet Archive, from UNT]
• Origin Myths
  • Creation by Atum [At Internet Archive, from Creighton]
  • Atum: A Bisexual God [At Enteract.com]
  • The High God in the Age of the Coffin Texts [At Eliade Site]
  • Egyptian Creation Story [Harmonized Version][At Theology WebSite]
  • Hathor's Rage and the Destruction of Mankind [At Theology WebSite]
  • The Book of Overthrowing Apophis: Egyptian Cosmogony and Theogony [At Eliade Site]
• The Memphite Theology
  • The Memphite Theology [At Internet Archive, from Creighton]
    Ptah as creator god.
• Isis and Osiris
  • Isis Receives the True and Hidden Name of Re [At Internet Archive, from an AOL-Wiccan Site]
  • The Osirian Cycle [At Theology WebSite]
  • Debate Between Osiris and the High God Book of the Dead 176 [At Eliade Site]
  • A Spell for the Revival of Osiris Coffin Texts 74 [At Eliade Site]
  • Contention of Horus and Seth [At Theology WebSite]
• Death and Resurrection
  • The Dead Pharaoh Ascends to Heaven from Pyramid Texts (Ca. 2425-2300 B.C.) [At Eliade Site]
    Among the oldest Egyptian religious texts. At this stage survival is for the pharoah.
  • The Dead Pharaoh Becomes Osiris   from Pyramid Texts [At Eliade Site]
  • Osiris - the Prototype of Every Soul Who Hopes to Conquer Death Coffin Texts, I, 197 [At Eliade Site]
    The Coffin Texts from the interior of coffins, belong to the Middle Kingdom (2250-1580 BCE) and indicate 'democratization' of the ancient funerary ritual - each soul now hoped to achieve a ritual assimilation to the god. [At Eliade Site]
  • Man's Soul Identified with Osiris and Nature Coffin Texts 330 [At Eliade Site]
  • Survival as Ba, Survival in the Tomb are Complementary  [At Eliade Site]
  • The Egyptian Land of Silence and Darkness  [At Eliade Site]
  • The Book of Ani, or the Egyptian Book of the Dead [At Upenn][Full text in E. Wallis Budge's translation.]
  • Hymn to Ra, from the Book of Ani, [At this Site]
  • Judgement of the Dead Book of the Dead, Chapter 25 [At WSU]
  • The Egyptian Negative Confession Book of the Dead, Chapter 125 [At Eliade Site]
  • Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): Herodotus: Description of Mummification, from The Histories [At this Site]
    With link to a CT scan of a mummy.
  • WEB Walk Like an Egyptian [Website-AOL]
    An odd site in some respects, but has useful summaries of topics usch as Ma'at, Ba and Ka.
  • WEB Death in Ancient Egypt [At ABZU]
    Includes an illustrated guide to various topics, including Ba and Ka.

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Art and Architecture

• WEB Mark Millmore's Ancient Egypt [At eyelid.co.uk]
  Spectacular images of pyramids and temples.
• WEB Museo Gregoriano Egiziano [At Christusrex]
  Images from the Vatican's Egyptian Museum.
• WEB Egypt Image Index [At EAWC]

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Literature

• Egyptian Love Poetry, c. 2000 - 1100 BCE [At this Site]
• Coffin Text: The Tale of Horus and the Pig, c. 1900 BCE [At this Site]
• The Tale of The Eloquent Peasant, c. 1800 BCE [At this Site]
• Tale of Two Brothers [At Perankh]
• Love Songs of ChesterBeatty Papyrus I [At Egyptology.com]
  A homosexual love poem?

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Music

• WEB Egyptian Music [La musica nell'antico Egitto][Website]
  The site is in Italian. The Instruments Page and the Papyrus Illustrations Page are especially interesting.

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Everyday Life

• 2ND Hieroglyphic Writing [At eyelid.co.uk]
• 2ND Plumbing in Egypt [At theplumber.com]
• 2ND Carol Meyer: Bir Umm Fawakhir: Insights into Ancient Egyptian Mining JOM 9:3 (1997), 64-68. [At JOM]
  Mining in 5-6th Century CE Egypt.
• WEB Life in Ancient Egypt [Website]
  At the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Modern text with ample illustrations on everyday life and religious beliefs and practices.
• WEB Everyday Life in Egypt [Website-MNSU]
  Includes short texts.
• WEB Egyptian Medicine [Internet Archive]
  Some short texts and illustrations

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Mathematics

• 2ND Egyptian Mathematics [At eyelid.co.uk]
• 2ND Egyptian Mathematics [At Buffalo]
  With translations of problems.
• WEB Egyptian Fractions [At UCI][Website]
  A website which discusses Egyptian fractions, and which has links to other sites on Egyptian mathematics.

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Gender and Sexuality

• For Women: see WEB Diotima
  • Status of Women in Egyptian Society, by Peter Piccione [At Internet Archive, from NWU]
  • Princess Ahura: The Magic Book, c. 1100 BCE [At this Site]
    On the brother-sister marriage of the two children of the King Merneptah.
  • The Offering of Uha, c. 2400 BCE [At this Site]
    Male and Female Circumcision in Egypt.
• For Gender variants: See WEB People With a History: Near East and Egypt
  • Contention of Horus and Seth [At Theology WebSite]
    Ends with Seth penetrating Horus.

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Nubia

• Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE - 550 CE [At this Site]
  From Herodotus, Strabo, Dio Cassius, the King of Axum, and and Procopius of Caesarea.
• WEB Nubia [At OI-Chicago]
• WEB Vanished Kingdoms of the Nile: The Rediscovery of Ancient Nubia  [At OI-Chicago]

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Libya and Western North Africa

• Accounts of Ancient Mauretania, c. 430 BCE- 550 CE   [At this Site]
  From Herodotus, Strabo, and Procopius of Caesarea
• Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): On Libya, from The Histories, c. 430 BCE [At this Site]

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Modern Perspectives on Egypt

• Black Athena Debate [Modern Accounts]
  • The Black Athena Dispute [At Reed College]
    With links to source material.
  • 2ND Ancient Hellenes in America? [At Internet Archive, from ancientgr.com]
    A sort of "White Athena", useful for showing the type of argument which concentrates on minor details and ignores the wider picture.
  • 2ND Ann Macy Roth: Building Bridges to Afrocentrism [At UPenn]
  • 2ND Bernal on Lefkowitz and Lefkowitz on Bernal on Lefkowitz [At U. Penn]
  • 2ND A Conspiracy Theory [At Melanet]

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NOTES:

Dates of accession of material added since July 1998 can be seen in the New Additions page.. The date of inception was 4/8/1998.

Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location]. Locally available texts are marked by [At this Site].

WEB indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview.

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created 1998: last revised 2/21/2007